Making high-quality quantum microwave devices with van der Waals superconductors

Abstract

Ultra low-loss microwave materials are crucial for enhancing quantum coherence and scalability of superconducting qubits. Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure is an attractive platform for quantum devices due to the single-crystal structure of the constituent two-dimensional (2D) layered materials and the lack of dangling bonds at their atomically sharp interfaces. However, new fabrication and characterization techniques are required to determine whether these structures can achieve low loss in the microwave regime. Here we report the fabrication of superconducting microwave resonators using NbSe₂that achieve a quality factorQ> 10⁵. This value sets an upper bound that corresponds to a resistance of⩽192μΩwhen considering the additional loss introduced by integrating NbSe₂into a standard transmon circuit. This work demonstrates the compatibility of 2D layered materials with high-quality microwave quantum devices.

Keywords: 2D; microwave resonator; niobium diselenide; quality factor; superconductor; van der Waals.