Abstract
Tobacco use disorder is highly prevalent; more than a billion individuals use tobacco worldwide. Popular views on the addictive potential of tobacco often underestimate the complex neural adaptations that underpin continued use. Although sometimes trivialized as a minor substance, effects of nicotine on behavior lead to profound morbidity over a lifetime of exposure. Innovations in processing have led to potent forms of tobacco and delivery devices. Proactive treatment strategies focus on pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Innovations on the horizon hold promise to help clinicians address this problem in a phenotypically tailored manner. Efforts are needed to prevent tobacco use for future generations.
Keywords:
Nicotine; Pharmacotherapeutic interventions; Smoking treatment; Tobacco use.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Behavior, Addictive / psychology
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Bupropion / pharmacology
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Bupropion / therapeutic use
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Combined Modality Therapy
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Counseling / methods
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Drug Therapy / methods
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Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / statistics & numerical data
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Humans
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Morbidity / trends*
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Neurobiology / methods
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Nicotine / adverse effects*
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Nicotinic Agonists / pharmacology
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Nicotinic Agonists / therapeutic use
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Phenotype
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Prevalence
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Smoking Cessation / methods
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Smoking Cessation Agents / pharmacology
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Smoking Cessation Agents / therapeutic use
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Tobacco Use Cessation Devices / adverse effects
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Tobacco Use Disorder / complications
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Tobacco Use Disorder / epidemiology*
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Tobacco Use Disorder / prevention & control
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Tobacco Use Disorder / therapy*
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United States / epidemiology
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Varenicline / pharmacology
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Varenicline / therapeutic use
Substances
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Nicotinic Agonists
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Smoking Cessation Agents
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Bupropion
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Nicotine
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Varenicline