Objective: To observe the incidence and treatment of radiation rectal injury complicated with anxiety, depression and somatic symptom disorder. Methods: A cross-sectional survey research method was carried out. Patients with radiation rectal injury managed by members of the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery were the subjects of investigation. The inclusion criteria of the survey subjects: (1) patients suffered from pelvic tumors and received pelvic radiotherapy; (2) colonoscopy showed inflammatory reaction or ulcer in the rectum. Exclusion criteria: (1) patient had a history of psycho-somatic disease before radiotherapy; (2) patient was unable to use a smart phone, unable to read and understand the questions in the questionnaire displayed on the phone; (3) patient refused to sign an informed consent form. According to the SOMA self-rating scale, PHQ-15 self-rating scale, GAD-7 and PHQ-9 self-rating scale, the electronic questionnaire of "Psychological Survey of Radiation Proctitis" was designed. The questionnaire was sent to patients with radiation rectal injury managed by the committee through the WeChat group. Observational indicators: (1) radiation rectal injury symptom assessment: using SOMA self-rating scale, radiation rectal injury symptom classification: mild group (≤3 points), moderate group (4-6 points) and severe group (> 6 points); (2) incidence of anxiety, depression and physical disorder: using GAD-7, PHQ-9 and PHQ-15 self-rating scales respectively for assessment; (3) correlation of radiation rectal injury symptom grading with anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom disorder. Results: Seventy-one qualified questionnaires were collected, of which 41 (56.9%) were from Guangzhou. Among the 71 patients, 6 were males and 65 were females; the mean age was (55.7±9.3) years old and 48 patients (67.6%) were less than 60 years old; the median confirmed duration of radiation rectal injury was 2.0 (1.0, 5.0) years. (1) Evaluation of symptoms of radiation rectal injury: 18 cases of mild (25.4%), 27 cases of moderate (38.0%), and 26 cases of severe (36.6%). (2) Incidence of anxiety, depression and somatic disorder: 12 patients (16.9%) without comorbidities; 59 patients (83.1%) with anxiety, depression, or somatic disorder, of whom 2 patients only had anxiety, 1 patient only had depression, 9 only had somatic disorder, 2 had anxiety plus depression, 4 had anxiety plus somatic disorder, 2 had depression plus somatic disorder, and 40 had all three symptoms. (3) correlation of radiation rectal injury grading with anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom disorder: as compared to patients in mild group and moderate group, those in severe group had higher severity of anxiety and somatic symptom disorder (Z=-2.143, P=0.032; Z=-2.045, P=0.041), while there was no statistically significant difference of depression between mild group and moderate group (Z=-1.176, P=0.240). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that radiation rectal injury symptom score was positively correlated with anxiety (r=0.300, P=0.013), depression (r=0.287, P=0.015) and somatic symptom disorder (r=0.344, P=0.003). Conclusions: The incidence of anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom disorder in patients with radiation rectal injury is extremely high. It is necessary to strengthen the diagnosis and treatment of somatic symptom disorder, so as to alleviate the symptoms of patients with pelvic perineum pain and improve the quality of life.
目的： 观察放射性直肠损伤患者合并焦虑、抑郁及躯体症状障碍的发生率及治疗。 方法： 采用横断面调查研究方法。以《中华胃肠外科杂志》编委会编委收治的放射性直肠损伤患者为调查对象。调查对象纳入标准：（1）患有盆腔肿瘤，接受过盆腔放疗；（2）肠镜提示直肠有炎性反应或溃疡。排除标准：（1）放射治疗前有心身疾病史；（2）不会使用智能手机，无法阅读和理解手机展示的问卷中的问题；（3）拒绝签署知情同意书。根据主客观管理分析（SOMA）自评量表、躯体症状健康量表（PHQ-15）、广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD-7）和抑郁症筛查量表（PHQ-9）来设计《放射性直肠损伤心理调查》电子问卷。通过微信群将该问卷发给编委管理的放射性直肠损伤患者。本研究观察指标：（1）放射性直肠损伤症状评估：采用SOMA自评量表，放射性直肠损伤症状分级：轻度（≤3分）、中度（4~6分）和重度（≥6分）；（2）焦虑和抑郁及躯体症状障碍的发生率：分别采用GAD-7、PHQ-9和PHQ-15自评量表进行评估；（3）焦虑、抑郁、躯体症状障碍与放射性直肠损伤症状分级相关性。 结果： 共回收71份合格问卷，41份（56.9%）来自广州。71例患者中，男6例，女65例；年龄（55.7±9.3）岁，<60岁者48例（67.6%），确诊放射性直肠损伤中位病程2.0（1.0，5.0）年。放射性直肠损伤症状评估：轻度18例（25.4%）、中度27例（38.0%）、重度26例（36.6%）。焦虑和抑郁及躯体症状障碍发生率：无合并症的患者共12例（16.9%）；发生焦虑、抑郁或躯体症状障碍的患者共59例（83.1%），其中2例患者只合并焦虑、1例患者只合并抑郁、9例合并躯体症状障碍、2例合并焦虑+抑郁、4例合并焦虑+躯体症状障碍、2例合并抑郁+躯体症状障碍、三者并发者40例。焦虑、抑郁、躯体症状障碍与放射性直肠损伤症状分级相关性：与放射性直肠损伤症状轻-中度组患者相比，重度患者的焦虑和躯体症状障碍的严重程度均更高，差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.143，P=0.032；Z=-2.045，P=0.041）；但两组患者间抑郁程度的差异则无统计学意义（Z=-1.176，P=0.240）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示，放射性直肠损伤症状评分与患者的焦虑（r=0.300，P=0.013）、抑郁（r=0.287，P=0.015）及躯体症状障碍（r=0.344，P=0.003）程度均呈正相关，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。 结论： 放射性直肠损伤患者的焦虑、抑郁、及躯体症状障碍的发病率极高。有必要加强躯体症状障碍的诊断及治疗，以减轻患者盆腔会阴疼痛等症状，提高生活质量。.
Keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Psycho-somatic disease; Questionnaire survey; Radiation rectal injury; Somatic symptom disorder.