Objective: To estimate the hospitalization rate of Haemophilus (H.) influenzae associated community-acquired pneumonia in children under 5 years in Suzhou. Methods: From 2010 to 2014, medical records and bacteriology results of children under 5 years hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in Children's Hospital of Soochow University were collected, retrospectively. Detection rate of H. influenzae was describe. The hospitalization rate of H. influenzae associated community-acquired pneumonia was estimated using the number of local children in urban area of Suzhou, which was obtained from the immunization platform of Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Results: A total of 28 043 hospitalized pneumonia cases were included from 2010 to 2014, in which 19 526 (69.63%) had bacteriological examination. The overall detection rate of H. influenzae was 11.06% (2 160/19 526), and children aged 12-23 months had the highest positive rate (14.29%, 550/3 850), and the rate was higher during winter-spring than during summer-autumn (χ2=455.11,P<0.01). The average hospitalization rate of H. influenzae associated pneumonia in children under 5 years was 760.36/100 000 (95%CI: 733.70/100 000-787.01/100 000), which was higher in winter and spring (898.79/100 000 and 1 249.52/100 000) than in summer and autumn (514.35/100 000 and 359.04/100 000), and the hospitalization rate was higher in boys (942.12/100 000) than in girls (563.76/100 000), the differences were all significant (P<0.01). The highest hospitalization rate was observed in children aged 1-5 months (2 478.31/100 000) and the hospitalization rate decreased with age (χ2=2 129.80, P<0.01). Conclusion: There was a considerable burden of H. influenzae associated community-acquired pneumonia in children under 5 years in Suzhou, especially in children under 6 months.
目的： 估计苏州市区<5岁儿童流感嗜血杆菌相关社区获得性肺炎的住院率。 方法： 回顾性收集2010-2014年因社区获得性肺炎在苏州大学附属儿童医院住院治疗的<5岁儿童的病历资料及细菌学检测结果，描述流感嗜血杆菌的检出情况，并通过苏州市CDC免疫接种平台获取市区儿童人口数，估计流感嗜血杆菌相关社区获得性肺炎的住院率。 结果： 2010-2014年共纳入28 043例社区获得性肺炎住院病例，19 526例（69.63%）进行了细菌学检测，流感嗜血杆菌总阳性率为11.06%（2 160/19 526），其中12~23月龄组阳性率最高（14.29%，550/3 850），冬、春季高于夏、秋季（χ2=455.11，P<0.01）；<5岁儿童流感嗜血杆菌相关社区获得性肺炎的年均住院率为760.36/10万（95%CI：733.70/10万~787.01/10万），冬、春季（898.79/10万、1 249.52/10万）高于夏、秋季（514.35/10万、359.04/10万），男性（942.12/10万）高于女性（563.76/10万），差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01），1~5月龄组年均住院率最高（2 478.31/10万），随年龄增长住院率逐渐下降（χ2=2 129.80，P<0.01）。 结论： 苏州市区<5岁儿童流感嗜血杆菌相关社区获得性肺炎住院率较高，<6月龄组住院率最高。.