Ex utero intrapartum technique (EXIT): Indications, procedure methods and materno-fetal complications - A literature review

J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2022 Jan;51(1):102252. doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102252. Epub 2021 Oct 9.

Abstract

A congenital malformation of the head, neck or thorax can lead to upper airway compression with a risk of asphyxia or neonatal death. To secure and protect the upper airway, the Ex Utero Intrapartum Therapy (EXIT) procedure has been developed. The procedure allows delivery of the fetus via a hysterotomy while relying on the placenta as the organ of respiration for the fetus prior to clamping of the umbilical cord. A high level of expertise is necessary for successful completion of the EXIT procedure, which is not void of maternal and fetal risks. In this literature review, we present the indications, procedure methods and materno-fetal complications associated with the EXIT procedure.

Keywords: Airway obstruction; EXIT procedure; FETO; Tracheal occlusion.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Airway Management / methods
  • Airway Management / statistics & numerical data
  • Airway Obstruction / surgery
  • Congenital Abnormalities / surgery*
  • Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures / adverse effects
  • Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures / methods*
  • Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures / trends
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Pregnancy