Objective: To summarize the clinicoradiological characteristics of clinical T1 renal cell carcinoma patients and to investigate the risk factors of renal sinus invasion in cT1 renal cell carcinoma patients undergoing nephrectomy.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in cT1 renal cell carcinoma patients from January 2016 to August 2019 in Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy by analyzing clinicopathological and radiological data. The influencing factors of renal sinus invasion for cT1 renal cell carcinoma were determined by χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test and Logistic regression analysis.
Results: A total of 507 patients were enrolled, including 354 males (69.8%) and 153 females (30.2%). The median age was 59 years and the median body mass index (BMI) was 25.5 kg/m2. Eighteen patients (3.6%) had gross hematuria preoperatively. The median tumor diameter was 3.5 cm. Three hundred twenty-two patients (63.5%) were staged clinical T1a and 165 cases (36.5%) were staged clinical T1b. The median R.E.N.A.L. score was 8. Three hundred fifty-nine patients (70.8%) had regular tumor border and 148 (29.2%) irregular. All the patients underwent surgical treatment, including 186 (36.7%) partial nephrectomy and 321 (63.3%) radical nephrectomy. Postoperative pathology showed seventy-five patients (14.8%) had renal sinus invasion, including 18 in cT1a (5.6%) and 57 in cT1b (30.8%). Univariate analysis showed that age (P=0.020), R.E.N.A.L. score (R value, E value, N value, P < 0.001) and tumor border (P < 0.001) were associated risk factors for cT1 renal cell carcinoma with renal sinus invasion. On multivariate binary Logistic analysis, R.E.N.A.L. score (P≤0.020) and irregular tumor border (P=0.001) were independent risk factors.
Conclusion: For cT1 renal cell carcinoma patients undergoing nephrectomy, about 15% had renal sinus invasion postoperatively. High R.E.N.A.L. score and irre-gular tumor border help predicting cT1 renal cell carcinoma renal sinus invasion.
目的: 总结临床T1(cT1)期肾细胞癌的临床影像学特点，探究影响cT1期肾细胞癌患者发生肾窦侵犯的危险因素。
方法: 回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年8月于北京大学第三医院泌尿外科住院行肾部分切除术或根治性肾切除术，术前诊断为cT1期肾细胞癌的患者，收集患者的临床、影像学和病理学资料。采用卡方检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、多因素Logistic回归，对cT1期肾细胞癌发生肾窦侵犯的相关危险因素进行分析。
结果: 共纳入507例患者，其中男性354例(69.8%)，女性153例(30.2%)，中位年龄59岁，中位体重指数25.5 kg/m2。术前有肉眼血尿者18例(3.6%)，中位肿瘤直径3.5 cm。cT1a期322例(63.5%)，cT1b期185例(36.5%)，中位R.E.N.A.L.评分为8分。肿瘤边界规则者359例(70.8%)，肿瘤边界不规则者148例(29.2%)。所有患者均行手术治疗，包括186例(36.7%)肾部分切除术和321例(63.3%)根治性肾切除术。术后病理提示肾窦侵犯75例(14.8%)，其中cT1a期侵犯肾窦18例，占cT1a期总数的5.6%;cT1b期侵犯肾窦57例，占cT1b期总数的30.8%。单因素分析发现，年龄(P=0.02)、R.E.N.A.L.评分(P < 0.001)、肿瘤边界状态(P < 0.001)是cT1期肾细胞癌发生肾窦侵犯的相关危险因素。多因素Logistic回归显示，R.E.N.A.L.评分(P≤0.020)和肿瘤边界状态(P=0.001)是cT1期肾细胞癌发生肾窦侵犯的独立危险因素。
结论: 对cT1期肾细胞癌，术后接近15%的患者存在肾窦侵犯现象; R.E.N.A.L.高评分和肿瘤边界不规则，均可以提示cT1期肾细胞癌有发生肾窦侵犯的风险。
Keywords: Neoplasm invasiveness; Neoplasm staging; Renal cell carcinoma; Renal sinus; Risk factors.