The cytotoxic effect targeting hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected hepatocytes from virus-specific cytotoxic T cells and the neutralizing antibodies secreted by virus-specific B cells play an important role in the immune control and elimination of HBV. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, the liver immune microenvironment usually presents a suppression state, and virus-specific immune cells are mostly exhausted. Studies on the interaction between HBV and host immunity during infection, especially the influence of various viral proteins on immune cell function, will contribute to understanding the mechanism of the chronicity of HBV infection, disease progression, and optimization of immunotherapy against HBV. The review summarized the suppressive effects of HBV viral proteins on the host innate immunity and adaptive immune system, to help us understanding the mechanism(s) relevant to the observation that a CHB patient with HBeAg loss and lower HBsAg level is more likley achieving functionall cure. and expect to provide new sights for accelerate virus clearance and achieve functional cure of chronic hepatitis B, by removing the HBV viral proteins and consequently, liberting host immune from suppression state.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞对感染肝细胞的杀伤以及B淋巴细胞分泌的中和抗体在HBV感染的免疫控制和清除中均起到了重要作用。但在慢性乙型肝炎患者中，肝脏免疫微环境通常处于抑制状态，病毒特异性免疫细胞多为功能耗竭表型。研究HBV慢性感染过程中病毒与宿主免疫的相互作用，有助于加深对HBV感染慢性化及疾病进展机制的理解，同时还可为针对HBV的免疫治疗提供新的思路。现系统总结主要的HBV病毒蛋白对宿主固有免疫及适应性免疫的影响，这在一定程度上解释了HBeAg阴转后，HBsAg低水平的患者更易于获得临床治愈的原因。希望未来能更有效地解除病毒蛋白诱导的宿主免疫抑制，帮助实现慢性乙型肝炎的临床治愈。.
Keywords: Chronic hepatitis B; Hepatitis B core antigen; Hepatitis B e antigen; Hepatitis B surface antigen; Host immune; Immune therapy.