A review of the functions of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 in vascular and neurological aging

Eur J Pharmacol. 2021 Oct 5:908:174363. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174363. Epub 2021 Jul 20.

Abstract

Aging-related diseases, especially vascular and neurological disorders cause huge economic burden. How to delay vascular and neurological aging is one of the insurmountable questions. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) has been extensively investigated in recent years due to its multiple biological responses. In this review, the function of GPER in aging-related diseases represented by vascular diseases, and neurological disorders were discussed. Apart from that, activation of GPER was also found to renovate the aging brain characterized by memory decline, but in a manner different from another two nuclear estrogen receptors estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ. This salutary effect would be better clarified from the aspects of synaptic inputs and transmission. Furthermore, we carefully described molecular mechanisms underpinning GPER-mediated effects. This review would update our understanding of GPER in the aging process. Targeting GPER may represent a promising strategy in the aging-related disorders.

Keywords: Aging; GPER; Mechanisms; Memory.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aging* / metabolism
  • Aging* / physiology
  • Animals
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Nervous System Diseases* / metabolism
  • Nervous System Diseases* / physiopathology
  • Receptors, Estrogen* / metabolism
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled* / metabolism
  • Vascular Diseases / metabolism
  • Vascular Diseases / physiopathology

Substances

  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • Receptors, Estrogen
  • GPER1 protein, human