Factors Associated with Depression and Sub-Dimension Symptoms in Adolescent Narcolepsy

Yang Yang; Chenyang Li; Long Zhao; Jing Li; Fang Han; Fulong Xiao

doi:10.2147/NSS.S312000

Factors Associated with Depression and Sub-Dimension Symptoms in Adolescent Narcolepsy

Nat Sci Sleep. 2021 Jul 6:13:1075-1082. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S312000. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Yang Yang^#¹, Chenyang Li^#², Long Zhao², Jing Li², Fang Han², Fulong Xiao³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology and Clinical Psychology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
² Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
³ Department of General Internal Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Objective: We evaluate the association between depression symptoms, clinical features (disease onset-age, disease duration, sleep-related hallucination), sleepiness, and polysomnography parameters in adolescent narcolepsy type 1 patients.

Methods: Eighty-three adolescent narcolepsy type 1 patients were involved in this cross-sectional study. Patients completed questionnaires evaluating depression symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale). Parameters from polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test were also collected.

Results: Patients with depression symptoms (62.7%) have later disease onset-age. Depression symptoms were associated with sleep-related hallucination (OR = 2.75). Six independent variables were associated with sub-dimensional depression symptoms, including sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep-related hallucination, Epworth sleepiness scale, disease duration, and disease onset-age.

Conclusion: Sleep-related hallucination is associated with total depression symptoms in adolescent narcolepsy. Subjective sleepiness is associated with depressed affect, somatic symptoms, and interpersonal problems. Lower sleep efficiency is associated with a lack of positive affect.

Keywords: adolescents; depression symptoms; hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucination; narcolepsy.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81700088), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82070091), International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82020108001), Dongcheng District Talents Project of Beijing (DCQYYRC-789-01-DR), Youth Foundation of Beijing Tiantan Hospital (No.2018-YQN-18), Youth Talent Support Project from China Association for Science and Technology, and Project 2020BD028 supported by PKU-Baidu Fund.