Prisoner's insomnia prevalence, insomnia associated factors and interventions with sleep as an outcome: a review and narrative analysis

Int J Prison Health. 2022 Jan 25;18(1):27-42. doi: 10.1108/IJPH-01-2021-0014. Epub 2021 Jul 6.

Abstract

Purpose: Insomnia is highly prevalent in prisoners. The purpose of this paper is a review of research evidence on interventions with sleep as an outcome (2000 to 2020) and rates of insomnia prevalence and associated factors in prisons (2015 to 2020).

Design/methodology/approach: An internet-based search used Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Seven interventions and eight sleep prevalence or sleep-associated factor papers were identified.

Findings: Intervention research was very limited and the quality of the research design was generally poor. Interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), yoga and mindfulness can be beneficial in a prison setting. This review identified a high prevalence of insomnia in prisons across the world, which was supported by recent evidence. Factors associated with insomnia include anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality disorder and pain.

Research limitations/implications: There is a need for appropriately powered randomised control trials of CBT-I in prisons and a need to use objective measures of sleep quality.

Originality/value: Due to a lack of an up-to-date review, this paper fulfils the need for a review of the evidence on interventions in prison settings with sleep as an outcome, rates of insomnia prevalence and associated factors in prisons.

Keywords: Insomnia; Management; Prevalence; Prison; Review; Sleep.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anxiety / epidemiology
  • Anxiety / therapy
  • Humans
  • Prevalence
  • Prisoners* / psychology
  • Sleep
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders* / epidemiology
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders* / therapy