The aging US population requires an increasing volume of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery services, yet the otolaryngologist physician workforce remains static. Advanced practice providers (APPs), including physician assistants and nurse practitioners, improve access across the continuum of primary and subspecialty health care. The rapid growth of APP service is evidenced by a 51% increase in APP Medicare billing for otolaryngology procedures over 5 years. APPs increasingly participate in delivering otolaryngology care; however, reaping the benefits of enhanced patient access and modernizing care delivery is predicated on successful integration of APPs into practices. Few data are available on how best to incorporate APPs into team-based models or how to restructure practices to allow graduated responsibility that supports autonomy and effective teamwork. We compare national APP and physician workforce trends in otolaryngology, consider approaches to optimizing efficiency by integrating APPs, and identify opportunities for improving data collection and practice.
Keywords: Certified Registered Nurse Practitioner; Physician Assistant; advanced practice providers; health care access; health care delivery; health workforce; mid-level providers; patient safety; patient satisfaction; quality of care; utilization.