Efficacy of RyR2 inhibitor EL20 in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from a patient with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

Abstract

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndrome that often leads to sudden cardiac death. The most common form of CPVT is caused by autosomal-dominant variants in the cardiac ryanodine receptor type-2 (RYR2) gene. Mutations in RYR2 promote calcium (Ca²⁺ ) leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), triggering lethal arrhythmias. Recently, it was demonstrated that tetracaine derivative EL20 specifically inhibits mutant RyR2, normalizes Ca²⁺ handling and suppresses arrhythmias in a CPVT mouse model. The objective of this study was to determine whether EL20 normalizes SR Ca²⁺ handling and arrhythmic events in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from a CPVT patient. Blood samples from a child carrying RyR2 variant RyR2 variant Arg-176-Glu (R176Q) and a mutation-negative relative were reprogrammed into iPSCs using a Sendai virus system. iPSC-CMs were derived using the Stemdiff^TM kit. Confocal Ca²⁺ imaging was used to quantify RyR2 activity in the absence and presence of EL20. iPSC-CMs harbouring the R176Q variant demonstrated spontaneous SR Ca²⁺ release events, whereas administration of EL20 diminished these abnormal events at low nanomolar concentrations (IC₅₀ = 82 nM). Importantly, treatment with EL20 did not have any adverse effects on systolic Ca²⁺ handling in control iPSC-CMs. Our results show for the first time that tetracaine derivative EL20 normalized SR Ca²⁺ handling and suppresses arrhythmogenic activity in iPSC-CMs derived from a CPVT patient. Hence, this study confirms that this RyR2-inhibitor represents a promising therapeutic candidate for treatment of CPVT.

Keywords: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; RyR2; induced pluripotent stem cells; ryanodine receptors; tetracaine; ventricular arrhythmia.