Imaging in Orthodontics

Nipul K Tanna; Anwar A A Y AlMuzaini; Mel Mupparapu

doi:10.1016/j.cden.2021.02.008

Imaging in Orthodontics

Dent Clin North Am. 2021 Jul;65(3):623-641. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2021.02.008. Epub 2021 May 3.

Authors

Nipul K Tanna¹, Anwar A A Y AlMuzaini², Mel Mupparapu³

Affiliations

¹ Postdoctoral Periodontics/Orthodontics Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: nipul77@upenn.edu.
² Ministry of Health, Government Office, Jasim Boodai Street, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
³ University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Suite 214, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

PMID: 34051933
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2021.02.008

Abstract

Imaging in orthodontics has evolved from cephalometric and extraoral films, manual cephalometric tracings, to digital imaging and intraoral scanners. Software-assisted cephalometric tracings and three-dimensional image analysis have become routine in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Determination of biologic boundaries of orthodontic treatment and evaluation of temporomandibular joints and airway became part of orthodontic assessment. Use of advanced imaging and software to digitally plan the orthognathic surgery and accurately predict a successful outcome are now integral to orthodontic practice. This article discusses radiographic methods used in cephalometric analysis and craniofacial growth and development for a predictable orthodontic assessment and treatment planning.

Keywords: 2D and 3D cephalometric analysis; Airway analysis; Intraoral scans; Obstructive sleep apnea; Orthodontic imaging; Skeletal maturation; TMJ evaluation.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Cephalometry
Facial Bones
Humans
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Orthodontics*
Orthognathic Surgical Procedures*