Objective: To investigate the common allergens in children with respiratory allergic diseases in Guangdong and provide the basis for preventing and treating respiratory allergic diseases. Methods: A total of 254 serum samples were collected retrospectively from children with allergic rhinitis and (or) asthma in the pediatric clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University or Boai Hospital of Zhongshan City from August 2019 to August 2020 and tested positive for at least one allergens by ImmunoCAP 1000 or skin prick test. There were 173 males and 81 females, with a median age (interquartile interval) of 7 (4.00, 9.75) years. Specific IgE against eighteen common allergen were tested by magnetic particle chemiluminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis using χ2 test. Results: The positive rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (85.0%, 215/254) was the highest, followed by D. farinae (83.5%, 212/254), egg white (19.3%, 49/254), milk (14.6%, 37/254), German cockroach (14.2%, 36/254) and ox-eye daisy (12.6%, 32/254). Dust mites were the most common allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis / allergic asthma / allergic rhinitis and asthma. The positive rates of D. pteronyssinus (95.4% vs. 91.7% vs. 71.0%, χ2=23.257, P<0.001), D. farinae (95.4% vs. 90.6% vs. 67.7%, χ2=26.916, P<0.001), mugwort (10.8% vs. 9.4% vs. 1.1%, χ2=7.535, P=0.023), and ox-eye daisy (21.5% vs. 14.6% vs. 4.3%, χ2=10.876, P=0.004) in allergic rhinitis combined with asthma group and allergic rhinitis group were significantly higher than those in allergic rhinitis group. The positive rates of D. pteronyssinus (96.2% vs. 84.0% vs. 53.5%, χ2=46.343, P<0.001), D. farinae (96.2% vs. 81.5% vs. 48.8%, χ2=52.756, P<0.001) and German cockroach (17.7% vs. 14.8% vs. 2.3%, χ2=6.313, P=0.043) in > 6 years old group were significantly higher than those in > 3 years old group and > 3-6 years old group, while the sIgE positive rates of egg white (41.9% vs. 21.0% vs. 10.8%, χ2=20.281, P<0.001) and milk (41.9% vs. 16.0% vs. 4.6%, χ2=36.227, P<0.001) in ≤3 years old group were significantly higher than those in > 3-6 years old group and > 6 years old group. In addition, there were significant positive correlations between D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, mugwort and ox-eye daisy, cat dander and horse dander, ox-eye daisy and dandelion, egg white and milk, timothy grass and sesame (rs≥0.511, P < 0.01). With the increase of the class of house dust mite allergen, the sIgE positive rates of mugwort (0.0% vs. 1.5% vs. 10.8%, χ2=9.714, P=0.008), ox-eye daisy (0.0% vs. 4.4% vs. 19.6%, χ2=16.195, P<0.001), cat dander (0.0% vs. 7.4% vs. 18.2%, χ2=11.459, P=0.003) and horse dander (0.0% vs. 1.5% vs. 15.5%, χ2=15.443, P < 0.001) increased significantly, while the sIgE positive rate of milk (29.0% vs. 16.2% vs. 10.1%, χ2=8.792, P=0.012) decreased significantly. Conclusions: Dust mite is the main allergen in children with respiratory allergic diseases in Guangdong, and ox-eye daisy is the main pollen allergen. The sensitization patterns of allergens varied in different ages and diseases, and children with respiratory allergic diseases should regularly detect allergens and pay attention to avoid them.
目的： 探讨广东地区呼吸道过敏性疾病患儿过敏原致敏情况，为该地区过敏性疾病预防和治疗提供依据。 方法： 回顾性收集2019年8月至2020年8月就诊于广州医科大学附属第一医院和中山市博爱医院儿科门诊，确诊为过敏性鼻炎和（或）哮喘，并经ImmunoCAP 1000（荧光酶联免疫分析法）或皮肤点刺试验检测表现为至少一种过敏原阳性的患儿血清样本254例，其中男173例，女81例，年龄中位数（四分位间距）为7（4.00，9.75）岁。采用荧光磁微粒化学发光法对血清样本进行18项过敏原sIgE检测。采用χ2检验进行统计分析。 结果： 屋尘螨（85.0%，215/254）的阳性率最高，依次为粉尘螨（83.5%，212/254）、鸡蛋白（19.3%，49/254）、牛奶（14.6%，37/254）、德国蟑螂（14.2%，36/254）和法国菊（12.6%，32/254）。过敏性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘、过敏性鼻炎合并哮喘患儿均以尘螨（屋尘螨和粉尘螨）致敏为主。过敏性鼻炎合并哮喘组和过敏性鼻炎组患儿的屋尘螨（95.4% vs. 91.7% vs. 71.0%，χ2=23.257，P<0.001）、粉尘螨（95.4% vs. 90.6% vs. 67.7%，χ2=26.916，P<0.001）、艾蒿（10.8% vs. 9.4% vs. 1.1%，χ2=7.535，P=0.023）、法国菊（21.5% vs. 14.6% vs. 4.3%，χ2=10.876，P=0.004）sIgE阳性率显著高于过敏性哮喘组。>6岁组的屋尘螨（96.2% vs. 84.0% vs. 53.5%，χ2=46.343，P<0.001）、粉尘螨（96.2% vs. 81.5% vs. 48.8%，χ2=52.756，P<0.001）、德国蟑螂（17.7% vs. 14.8% vs. 2.3%，χ2=6.313，P=0.043）sIgE阳性率显著高于>3~6岁组和≤3岁组；而≤3岁组的鸡蛋白（41.9% vs. 21.0% vs. 10.8%，χ2=20.281，P<0.001）和牛奶（41.9% vs. 16.0% vs. 4.6%，χ2=36.227，P<0.001）sIgE阳性率显著高于>3~6岁组和>6岁组。此外，屋尘螨与粉尘螨、艾蒿与法国菊、猫皮毛屑与马皮毛屑、法国菊与蒲公英、鸡蛋白与牛奶、梯牧草与芝麻均显著正相关（rs≥0.511，P<0.01）。随着屋尘螨致敏等级的增加，艾蒿（0.0% vs. 1.5% vs. 10.8%，χ2=9.714，P=0.008）、法国菊（0.0% vs. 4.4% vs. 19.6%，χ2=16.195，P<0.001）、猫皮毛屑（0.0% vs. 7.4% vs. 18.2%，χ2=11.459，P=0.003）和马皮毛屑（0.0% vs. 1.5% vs. 15.5%，χ2=15.443，P<0.001）sIgE阳性率显著升高，而牛奶（29.0% vs. 16.2% vs. 10.1%，χ2=8.792，P=0.012）sIgE阳性率显著下降。 结论： 尘螨是广东地区呼吸道过敏性疾病患儿最主要的过敏原，法国菊是最主要的花粉过敏原。不同疾病、不同年龄的儿童患者致敏情况不同，过敏性疾病患儿需定期检测过敏原并注意规避。.