A case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in an African adolescent male: case report

Pan Afr Med J. 2021 Feb 16:38:174. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.174.27910. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Since late April 2020, a syndrome now termed Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) has been seen in children and adolescents in association with COVID-19 infection. The definition of MIS-C involves fever, organ dysfunction and laboratory confirmation of inflammation in the context of laboratory or epidemiological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient under 21 years of age. Notably, cases are now being identified in adults termed Multisystem Inflammatory syndrome in Adults (MIS-A). Few cases have been reported in sub-Saharan Africa. We report a case of a young African male presenting with a maculopapular rash, persistent fever, elevation in inflammatory markers and a sudden, significant deterioration in cardiac function resulting in cardiogenic shock. The patient responded to intravenous steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and background inotropic support. The recognition of this disease entity proves even more crucial now amidst the ongoing global wave of COVID-19 infection. It is paramount to identify these patients early, leading to prompt treatment avoiding further morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: African; Multisystem inflammatory syndrome; SARS-CoV-2; case report; children.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Africa South of the Sahara
  • COVID-19 / diagnosis*
  • COVID-19 / physiopathology
  • COVID-19 / therapy
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / administration & dosage
  • Male
  • Shock, Cardiogenic / diagnosis*
  • Shock, Cardiogenic / virology
  • Steroids / administration & dosage
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / diagnosis*
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / physiopathology
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / therapy

Substances

  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
  • Steroids

Supplementary concepts

  • pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease, COVID-19 related