Background: Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection has been implicated in allograft failure or dysfunction in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), but the literature is limited.
Case: Two pediatric patients were diagnosed with PVB19 infection around the time of allo-HSCT graft failure. Both cases were secondary graft failure and required second allo-HSCT.
Conclusion: There are many risk factors and potential confounders in determining the exact etiology of graft failure after allo-HSCT. These two cases highlight the importance of including PVB19 in the diagnostic evaluation for graft failure. PVB19 infection may be an important risk factor for allo-HSCT graft failure.
Keywords: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; graft failure; parvovirus B19 infection.
© 2021 The Authors. Cancer Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.