Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection rescues B and T cell responses to variants after first vaccine dose

Catherine J Reynolds; Corinna Pade; Joseph M Gibbons; David K Butler; Ashley D Otter; Katia Menacho; Marianna Fontana; Angelique Smit; Jane E Sackville-West; Teresa Cutino-Moguel; Mala K Maini; Benjamin Chain; Mahdad Noursadeghi; UK COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network; Tim Brooks; Amanda Semper; Charlotte Manisty; Thomas A Treibel; James C Moon; UK COVIDsortium Investigators; Ana M Valdes; Áine McKnight; Daniel M Altmann; Rosemary Boyton

doi:10.1126/science.abh1282

Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection rescues B and T cell responses to variants after first vaccine dose

Science. 2021 Apr 30;372(6549):1418-1423. doi: 10.1126/science.abh1282. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Catherine J Reynolds^#¹, Corinna Pade^#², Joseph M Gibbons^#², David K Butler¹, Ashley D Otter³, Katia Menacho⁴, Marianna Fontana^{5

6}, Angelique Smit⁵, Jane E Sackville-West⁷, Teresa Cutino-Moguel⁴, Mala K Maini⁸, Benjamin Chain⁸, Mahdad Noursadeghi⁸; UK COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network; Tim Brooks³, Amanda Semper³, Charlotte Manisty^{4

9}, Thomas A Treibel^{4

9}, James C Moon^{4

9}; UK COVIDsortium Investigators; Ana M Valdes^{10

11}, Áine McKnight^#², Daniel M Altmann^#¹², Rosemary Boyton^#^{13

14}

Collaborators

Hakam Abbass, Mashael Alfarih, Zoe Alldis, Daniel M Altmann, Oliver E Amin, Mervyn Andiapen, Jessica Artico, João B Augusto, Georgina L Baca, Sasha N L Bailey, Anish N Bhuva, Alex Boulter, Ruth Bowles, Rosemary J Boyton, Olivia V Bracken, Ben O'Brien, Tim Brooks, Natalie Bullock, David K Butler, Gabriella Captur, Nicola Champion, Carmen Chan, Aneesh Chandran, Jorge Couto de Sousa, Xose Couto-Parada, Teresa Cutino-Moguel, Rhodri H Davies, Brooke Douglas, Cecilia Di Genova, Keenan Dieobi-Anene, Mariana O Diniz, Anaya Ellis, Karen Feehan, Malcolm Finlay, Marianna Fontana, Nasim Forooghi, Joseph M Gibbons, Derek Gilroy, Matt Hamblin, Gabrielle Harker, Jacqueline Hewson, Lauren M Hickling, Aroon D Hingorani, Lee Howes, Ivie Itua, Victor Jardim, Wing-Yiu Jason Lee, Melaniepetra Jensen, Jessica Jones, Meleri Jones, George Joy, Vikas Kapil, Hibba Kurdi, Jonathan Lambourne, Kai-Min Lin, Sarah Louth, Mala K Maini, Vineela Mandadapu, Charlotte Manisty, Áine McKnight, Katia Menacho, Celina Mfuko, Oliver Mitchelmore, Christopher Moon, James C Moon, Sam M Murray, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Ashley Otter, Corinna Pade, Susana Palma, Ruth Parker, Kush Patel, Babita Pawarova, Steffen E Petersen, Brian Piniera, Franziska P Pieper, Lisa Rannigan, Alicja Rapala, Catherine J Reynolds, Amy Richards, Matthew Robathan, Joshua Rosenheim, Genine Sambile, Nathalie M Schmidt, Amanda Semper, Andreas Seraphim, Mihaela Simion, Angelique Smit, Michelle Sugimoto, Leo Swadling, Stephen Taylor, Nigel Temperton, Stephen Thomas, George D Thornton, Thomas A Treibel, Art Tucker, Jessry Veerapen, Mohit Vijayakumar, Sophie Welch, Theresa Wodehouse, Lucinda Wynne, Dan Zahedi, Benjamin Chain

Affiliations

¹ Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
² Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
³ National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK.
⁴ St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
⁵ Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
⁶ Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
⁷ James Wigg Practice, Kentish Town, London, UK.
⁸ Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
⁹ Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.
¹⁰ Academic Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
¹¹ NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
¹² Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹³ Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK. r.boyton@imperial.ac.uk.
¹⁴ Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine rollout has coincided with the spread of variants of concern. We investigated if single dose vaccination, with or without prior infection, confers cross protective immunity to variants. We analyzed T and B cell responses after first dose vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in healthcare workers (HCW) followed longitudinally, with or without prior Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 infection. After one dose, individuals with prior infection showed enhanced T cell immunity, antibody secreting memory B cell response to spike and neutralizing antibodies effective against B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. By comparison, HCW receiving one vaccine dose without prior infection showed reduced immunity against variants. B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 spike mutations resulted in increased, abrogated or unchanged T cell responses depending on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms. Single dose vaccination with BNT162b2 in the context of prior infection with a heterologous variant substantially enhances neutralizing antibody responses against variants.

Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

Abstract

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