Single-channel electroencephalography and its associations with anxiety and pain during oral surgery: a preliminary report

Roberto de Oliveira Jabur; Ramon Cesar Godoy Gonçalves; Kethleen Wiechetek Faria; Izabelle Millene Semczik; Juliana Cama Ramacciato; Marcelo Carlos Bortoluzzi

doi:10.17245/jdapm.2021.21.2.155

Single-channel electroencephalography and its associations with anxiety and pain during oral surgery: a preliminary report

J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2021 Apr;21(2):155-165. doi: 10.17245/jdapm.2021.21.2.155. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Authors

Roberto de Oliveira Jabur¹, Ramon Cesar Godoy Gonçalves², Kethleen Wiechetek Faria³, Izabelle Millene Semczik⁴, Juliana Cama Ramacciato¹, Marcelo Carlos Bortoluzzi^{2

3

5}

Affiliations

¹ Dentistry Sciences Post-Graduate Program, São Leopoldo Mandic University, Campinas, Brazil.
² Health Sciences Post-Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
³ Dentistry Post-Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
⁴ Science Initiation Program, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
⁵ Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Program at University Hospital of Campos Gerais (HUCG), Ponta Grossa, Brazil.

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to assess the course of anxiety and pain during lower third molar (LTMo) surgery and explore the role of mobile and single-channel electroencephalography under clinical and surgical conditions.

Methods: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), and Interval Scale of Anxiety Response (ISAR) were used. The patient self-rated anxiety (PSA), the pain felt during and after surgery, EEG, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) were assessed.

Results: The Attention (ATT) and Meditation (MED) algorithms and indicators evaluated in this study showed several associations. ATT showed interactions and an association with STAI-S, pain during surgery, PSA level, HR, and surgical duration. MED showed an interaction and association with DAS, STAI-S, and pain due to anesthesia. Preclinical anxiety parameters may influence clinical perceptions and biological parameters during LTMo surgeries. High STAI-Trait and PSA scores were associated with postoperative pain, whereas high STAI-State scores were associated with more pain during anesthesia and surgery, as well as DAS, which was also associated with patient interference during surgery due to anxiety.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that single-channel EEG is promising for evaluating brain responses associated with systemic reactions related to anxiety, surgical stress, and pain during oral surgery.

Keywords: Anxiety; Electroencephalography; Oral Surgery; Pain; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; Third Molar.