The Eyes of an African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus): General Morphology and Ophthalmopathology

Affiliations

• ¹ Clinic for Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
• ² Central Animal Laboratory, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
• ³ Zoo Basel AG, Basel, Switzerland.
• ⁴ Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.