Olfaction and anosmia: From ancient times to COVID-19

J Neurol Sci. 2021 Jun 15:425:117433. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117433. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Abstract

Olfaction, one of our five main qualitative sensory abilities, is the action of smelling or the capacity to smell. Olfactory impairment can be a sign of a medical problem, from a benign nasal/sinus problem up to a potentially serious brain injury. However, although clinicians (neurologists or not) usually test the olfactory nerves in specific clinical situations (for example, when a neurodegenerative disorder is suspected), they may omit such tests in many other situations. With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the resurgence of anosmia has reminded us of the importance of testing this sensorineural function. We retrace here the main historical steps and discoveries concerning olfaction and anosmia.

Keywords: Anosmia; COVID-19; Infection; Olfaction.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anosmia
  • COVID-19*
  • Humans
  • Olfaction Disorders* / diagnosis
  • Olfaction Disorders* / epidemiology
  • Pandemics
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Smell