Objective: To investigate the risk factors and prognostic impact of massive introperative blood loss in posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods: Clinical data were collected of 1 896 AIS patients who underwent PSF surgery under general anesthesia in Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School from November 2010 to October 2019 and retrospectively analyzed. According to the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the patients were divided into the massive introperative blood loss group [estimated blood loss (EBL)/estimated blood volume (EBV)≥30%] and the non-massive introperative blood loss group (EBL/EBV<30%). The perioperative parameters between the two groups were compared, single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors related to massive introperative blood loss in PSF surgery. Results: A total of 1 896 AIS patients who underwent PSF surgery were included in the study. There were 298 males and 1 598 females, with an age of (14.5±1.7) years. Among them, 633 (33%) experienced massive intraoperative blood loss. The factors significantly related to the massive blood loss during PSF surgery in this study are: sex, body mass index(BMI), preoperative blood platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time, international normalized ratio(INR), preoperative Cobb angle, duration of operation, the number of fused levels, the number of screws, thoracoplasty, intraoperative use of tranexamic acid and dexmedetomidine; The independent factors included duration of operation longer than 4 hours(OR=4.311,P<0.001), the number of fused levels to be more than 10(OR=4.044,P<0.001), thoracoplasty (OR=2.174,P=0.019), BMI lower than 18.1 kg/m2(OR=2.094,P<0.001), preoperative PLT less than 186.5×109/L(OR=1.480,P=0.009), preoperative INR larger than 1 (OR=1.531,P=0.003) and preoperative Cobb angle larger than 53°(OR=1.306,P=0.036) ;Intraoperative use of tranexamic acid (OR=0.770, P=0.047) and dexmedetomidine (OR=0.653, P=0.008) are protective factors for massive intraoperative blood loss. In addition, in the massive intraoperative blood loss group, length of postoperative hospital stay (P<0.001), volume of postoperative incision drainage (P<0.001), postoperative allogeneic blood transfusion rate (22.7% vs 14.3%, P<0.001), incidence of postoperative hypoalbuminemia (90.3% vs 80.7%, P<0.001) and the number of rescue opioid analgesic requirements after surgery (P=0.006) were significantly higher than those in the non-massive introperative blood loss group. Conclusions: Longer operation duration, higher number of fusion levels, lower BMI, lower preoperative PLT, higher INR, larger preoperative Cobb angle and intraoperative thoraplasty are independent risk factors for massive intraoperative blood loss in AIS patients undergoing PSF surgery. Intraoperative use of tranexamic acid and dexmedetomidine can reduce the risk of massive blood loss in PSF surgery. Massive intraoperative blood loss significantly affects the patient's prognosis.
目的： 探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）后路矫形术（PSF）术中大量失血发生的危险因素及对预后的影响。 方法： 回顾性分析2010年11月至2019年10月于南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院择期行全身麻醉下PSF的1 896例AIS患者的电子病历资料。根据患者术中失血量分为大量失血组［估计失血量（EBL）/估计血容量（EBV）≥30%］和非大量失血组［EBL/EBV<30%］。比较两组患者围手术期相关参数，采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析筛选出导致术中大量失血的独立危险因素。 结果： 纳入研究的1 896例行PSF的AIS患者中，男298例、女1 598例，年龄（14.5±1.7）岁，其中633例（33%）发生术中大量失血。与PSF术中大量失血相关的因素有：性别、术前体质指数（BMI）、术前血小板计数（PLT）、凝血酶原时间、国际标准化比值（INR）、术前Cobb角、手术持续时间、固定融合节段数、置椎弓根螺钉数、术中是否行胸廓成形术、术中是否使用氨甲环酸、术中是否使用右美托咪定；其中独立危险因素有：手术时长≥4 h（OR=4.311，P<0.001）、融合节段数≥10个（OR=4.044，P<0.001）、术中行胸廓成形术（OR=2.174，P=0.019）、术前BMI≤18.1 kg/m2（OR=2.094，P<0.001）、术前PLT≤186.5×109/L（OR=1.480，P=0.009）、术前INR≥1（OR=1.531，P=0.003）和术前Cobb角≥53°（OR=1.306，P=0.036）；而术中使用氨甲环酸（OR=0.770，P=0.047）和右美托咪定（OR=0.653，P=0.008）则是术中大量失血的保护性因素。此外，大量失血组在术后住院时间（P<0.001）、术后切口引流量（P<0.001）、术后异体血输血率（22.7% 比14.3%，P<0.001）、术后低白蛋白血症的发生率（90.3%比80.7%，P<0.001）和术后阿片类药物使用次数（P=0.006）均高于非大量失血组。 结论： 手术持续时间较长、融合节段数目较多、BMI较低、术前PLT较低、术前INR较大、术前Cobb角较大及术中行胸廓成形术均是AIS患者行PSF术中大量失血的独立危险因素，而术中使用氨甲环酸和右美托咪定可以降低术中大量失血的风险，术中大失血影响患者的预后。.