Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with arterial stiffness in Chinese with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objectives: Arterial stiffness (AS), one of the complications of diabetes, associated with many metabolic factors. This study aimed to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) and AS in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We identified 1335 diabetic patients from the Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital. Finally, 603 T2DM patients were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: AS group (baPWV ≥ 15,500 cm/s) and the control group (baPWV < 1550 cm/s).

Results: (1) Heart rate (HR) and systolic pressure (SBP) were higher while body weight and body mass index (BMI) were smaller in AS group than the control group (all P < 0.05). (2) Compared to patients without AS, patients with AS showed lower 25(OH)D and higher rate of 25(OH)D deficiency (42 ± 16 vs. 45 ± 17 mol/l, 68% vs. 64%, all P < 0.05). (3) BaPWV was negatively associated with 25(OH)D (r = -0.12, P = 0.004), while positively associated with age, duration of diabetes, HR, SBP, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and negatively associated with body weight and BMI (all P < 0.05). (4) Multiple linear regression showed that 25(OH)D was the negatively influencing factor of baPWV (β = -2.2, P = 0.01). Logistic regression showed that age and SBP were risk factor of AS (OR:1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10, P < 0.001; OR:1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04, P < 0.001) while 25(OH)D was protective factor of AS (OR:0.987, 95% CI: 0.976-0.998, P = 0.024).

Conclusions: T2DM patients with AS had lower 25(OH)D and higher rate of 25(OH)D deficiency. There was a negative relationship between 25(OH)D and AS assessed by baPWV.