Chronic rate dependent exit block after pulmonary vein isolation

Abstract

Rate dependent exit block across the pulmonary veins has been previously described immediately following catheter ablation. We report a case of rate dependent pulmonary vein exit block seen at repeat ablation 7 years after the index procedure. To our knowledge, this is the first report of chronic rate dependent exit block discovered years after circumferential pulmonary vein antral isolation.

Keywords: atrial fibrillation/atrial arrhythmias; cardiac mapping - 3-dimensional systems; cardiac mapping - electrogram analysis; clinical: Catheter ablation - atrial fibrillation; clinical: Electrophysiology - atrial arrhythmias.