Rapid Telepsychiatry Implementation During COVID-19: Increased Attendance at the Largest Health System in the United States

Psychiatr Serv. 2021 Jun;72(6):708-711. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000574. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine differences in completion rates between telepsychiatry and in-person visits during the COVID-19 pandemic and a prior reference period.

Methods: The authors used electronic medical record data along with chi-squared or t tests to compare patients' demographic characteristics. Generalized estimating equations for estimating the odds of primary and secondary outcomes were used, controlling for demographic characteristics.

Results: During COVID-19, the odds of completing a telepsychiatry visit (N=26,715) were 6.68 times the odds of completing an in-person visit (N=11,094). The odds of completing a telepsychiatry visit during COVID-19 were 3.00 times the odds of completing an in-person visit during the pre-COVID-19 reference period (N=40,318).

Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study, outpatient adult mental health clinic telepsychiatry appointments, largely by telephone, were strongly associated with a higher rate of visit completion compared with in-person visits during and prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Regulators should consider permanently enabling reimbursement for telephone-only telepsychiatry visits.

Keywords: COVID-19; Mental Health; Outpatient clinics; Telecommunications; Telepsychiatry.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Demography
  • Electronic Health Records
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mental Health Services / statistics & numerical data*
  • Middle Aged
  • Outpatients / statistics & numerical data
  • Pandemics
  • Psychiatry / methods*
  • Psychiatry / statistics & numerical data*
  • Telemedicine / organization & administration*
  • Telemedicine / statistics & numerical data*
  • Telephone*
  • Time Factors
  • United States / epidemiology