Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), first discovered in 2017, is a porcine enteric coronavirus that can cause acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS) in piglets. Here, we studied the role of SADS-CoV nucleocapsid (N) protein in innate immunity. Our results showed that SADS-CoV N protein could inhibit type I interferon (IFN) production mediated by Sendai virus (Sev) and could block the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Simultaneously, the IFN-β promoter activity mediated by TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) or its upstream molecules in the RLRs signal pathway was inhibited by SADS-CoV N protein. Further investigations revealed that SADS-CoV N protein could counteract interaction between TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and TBK1, which led to reduced TBK1 activation and IFN-β production. Our study is the first report of the interaction between SADS-CoV N protein and the host antiviral innate immune responses, and the mechanism utilized by SADS-CoV N protein provides a new insight of coronaviruses evading host antiviral innate immunity.
Keywords:
SADS-CoV; TANK binding kinase 1; TRAF3; interferon beta; nucleocapsid protein.
Copyright © 2021 Zhou, Sun, Xu, Tang, Zhou, Li, Lan and Ma.
Publication types
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
-
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / immunology
-
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / metabolism
-
Alphacoronavirus / immunology
-
Alphacoronavirus / metabolism*
-
Animals
-
Cell Line
-
Coronavirus / immunology
-
Coronavirus / metabolism
-
Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins / immunology*
-
Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins / metabolism
-
HEK293 Cells
-
Host-Pathogen Interactions
-
Humans
-
I-kappa B Kinase / immunology
-
I-kappa B Kinase / metabolism
-
Immunity, Innate
-
Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 / immunology
-
Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 / metabolism
-
Interferon-beta / antagonists & inhibitors*
-
Interferon-beta / biosynthesis
-
Interferon-beta / immunology
-
Interferon-beta / metabolism
-
NF-kappa B / immunology
-
NF-kappa B / metabolism
-
Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
-
Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / immunology
-
Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
-
Swine
-
TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3 / antagonists & inhibitors*
-
TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3 / immunology
-
TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3 / metabolism
Substances
-
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
-
Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins
-
Interferon Regulatory Factor-3
-
MAVS protein, human
-
NF-kappa B
-
TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3
-
TRAF3 protein, human
-
Interferon-beta
-
Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
-
TBK1 protein, human
-
I-kappa B Kinase
Supplementary concepts
-
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus