The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence and specific features of control and supervisory activities as means for preventing and detecting offenses in the health care sector on the basis of existing theoretical concepts and approaches. The research materials were political and legal opinion journalism, works of national scholars, analytical materials, reference publications, Internet resources and Ukrainian legislation regulating control and supervisory activities in the health care sector. The methodological basis of the article was formed by a set of general scientific (dialectical, etc.) and special (system and structural, structural and logical analysis, synthesis, etc.) methods of scientific cognition. It has been concluded that the main ways of ensuring the rule of law in the health care sector are control and supervision, which are distinguished in a number of characteristics, in particular, the subjects and the results of implementing both types of activities. State control in the health care sector carried out by state authorities (Ministry of Health, State Medical Service, National Health Service of Ukraine), and public supervision carried out by the representatives of the public in the health care sector (supervisory boards at health care institutions, the Council of Public Control under the National Health Service of Ukraine, etc.) have been characterized. The objects of state control and objects of public supervision in the health care sector in Ukraine have been specified and analyzed.