Comparison of open and minimally invasive approaches to colon cancer resection in compliance with 12 regional lymph node harvest quality measure

J Surg Oncol. 2021 Mar;123(4):986-996. doi: 10.1002/jso.26298. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Abstract

Background: There has been a growing trend toward minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for colon cancer. Pathological analysis of a minimum of 12 lymph nodes (LNs) is a benchmark for adequate resection. Here, we present a comparison of surgical techniques in achieving a full oncologic resection.

Methods: Patients undergoing surgery for Stage I-III colon cancer (2010-2016) were identified from the National Cancer Database. Cases were stratified by surgical approach. Trends in approach were assessed, including whether the 12-LN benchmark was met. Uni- and multivariate regression was used to assess overall survival (OS).

Results: A total of 290,776 colectomies were analyzed. MIS increased from 32.8% to 57.2% from 2010 to 2016 (p < .001). An overall median of 18 LNs were harvested and compliance with the 12-LN benchmark increased (84.6%-91.6%, p < .001); there were no difference between open and MIS. A subset analysis comparing hospital type revealed that regardless of approach, compliance was lower at community hospitals (p < .001). OS was better for patients treated at academic or National Cancer Institute centers, underwent MIS, and in those meeting the 12-LN benchmark (all p ≤ .002).

Conclusion: As MIS colon resections continue to increase, we demonstrate that there is no difference in the ability to achieve the 12-LN benchmark with open and MIS approaches.

Keywords: colon cancer; lymphadenectomy; minimally invasive surgery.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Colectomy / mortality*
  • Colonic Neoplasms / pathology
  • Colonic Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Databases, Factual
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Hospitals, Community
  • Humans
  • Laparoscopy / mortality*
  • Lymph Node Excision / mortality*
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology
  • Lymph Nodes / surgery*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / mortality*
  • Prognosis
  • Quality Indicators, Health Care*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Survival Rate
  • Young Adult