Objectives: We investigated the associations about the mass of geniohyoid and tongue muscle and the maximum tongue pressure in patients with sarcopenic dysphagia using ultrasonography.
Design: Cross sectional study.
Setting: 5 hospitals including 3 acute and 2 rehabilitation hospitals and 1 older facility.
Participants: 36 inpatients with sarcopenic dysphagia.
Measurements: Ultrasonography was performed for geniohyoid muscle and tongue. The area for geniohyoid and tongue muscles in sagittal plane and the mean brightness level (0-255) in the muscle area were calculated. Maximum tongue pressure as strength of swallowing muscle were investigated. Partial correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis adjusting for age and sex were performed.
Results: The mean age was 81.1 ± 7.9. Men were 23. The mean BMI was 19.0 ± 4.1. The mean maximum tongue pressure was 21.3 ± 9.3 kPa. The mean cross sectional area for geniohyoid muscles was 140 ± 47 mm2. The mean brightness for geniohyoid muscle was 18.6 ± 9.0. The mean cross sectional area for tongue muscles was 1664.1 ± 386.0 mm2. The mean brightness for tongue muscles was 34.1 ± 10.6. There was a significant positive correlation between area of geniohyoid muscle and maximum tongue pressure (r = 0.38, p = 0.04). Geniohyoid muscle area was an explanatory factor for maximum tongue pressure (p = 0.012) and tongue muscle area (p = 0.031) in multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: Geniohyoid muscle mass was an independent explanatory factor for maximum tongue pressure and tongue muscle mass.
Keywords: Dysphagia; muscle; sarcopenia; strength; ultrasonography.