Surgical Tracheostomy Outcomes in COVID-19-Positive Patients

OTO Open. 2021 Jan 8;5(1):2473974X20984998. doi: 10.1177/2473974X20984998. eCollection 2021 Jan-Mar.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this case series was to demonstrate that surgical tracheostomy can be undertaken safely in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and that it is an effective weaning tool.

Study design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Single academic teaching hospital in London.

Methods: All adult patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit (AICU), diagnosed with severe COVID-19 infection and requiring surgical tracheostomy between the March 10, 2020, and May 1, 2020, were included. Data collection focused upon patient demographics, AICU admission data, tracheostomy-specific data, and clinical outcomes.

Results: Twenty patients with COVID-19 underwent surgical tracheostomy. The main indication for tracheostomy was to assist in respiratory weaning. Patients had undergone mechanical ventilation for a median of 16.5 days prior to surgical tracheostomy. Tracheostomy remained in situ for a median of 12.5 days. Sixty percent of patients were decannulated at the end of the data collection period. There were no serious immediate or short-term complications. Surgical tracheostomy facilitated significant reduction in intravenous sedation at 48 hours after tracheostomy formation. There was no confirmed COVID-19 infection or reported sickness in the operating surgical or anesthetic teams.

Conclusion: Surgical tracheostomy has been demonstrated to be an effective weaning tool in patients with severe COVID-19 infection.

Keywords: COVID-19; outcomes; surgical tracheostomy.