Dual RNA 3'-end processing of H2A.X messenger RNA maintains DNA damage repair throughout the cell cycle

Nat Commun. 2021 Jan 13;12(1):359. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20520-6.

Abstract

Phosphorylated H2A.X is a critical chromatin marker of DNA damage repair (DDR) in higher eukaryotes. However, H2A.X gene expression remains relatively uncharacterised. Replication-dependent (RD) histone genes generate poly(A)- mRNA encoding new histones to package DNA during replication. In contrast, replication-independent (RI) histone genes synthesise poly(A)+ mRNA throughout the cell cycle, translated into histone variants that confer specific epigenetic patterns on chromatin. Remarkably H2AFX, encoding H2A.X, is a hybrid histone gene, generating both poly(A)+ and poly(A)- mRNA isoforms. Here we report that the selective removal of either mRNA isoform reveals different effects in different cell types. In some cells, RD H2A.X poly(A)- mRNA generates sufficient histone for deposition onto DDR associated chromatin. In contrast, cells making predominantly poly(A)+ mRNA require this isoform for de novo H2A.X synthesis, required for efficient DDR. This highlights the importance of differential H2A.X mRNA 3'-end processing in the maintenance of effective DDR.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Cycle / genetics*
  • Cell Line
  • DNA / genetics
  • DNA / metabolism
  • DNA Damage*
  • DNA Repair*
  • DNA Replication / genetics
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • HCT116 Cells
  • HeLa Cells
  • Histones / genetics*
  • Histones / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Jurkat Cells
  • Poly A / genetics*
  • Poly A / metabolism
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics*
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism

Substances

  • H2AX protein, human
  • Histones
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Poly A
  • DNA