Heterogeneity in DSM-5 Symptom Criteria: Phenotypes of Alcohol Use Disorder in a Sample Seeking Alcohol Treatment

Alcohol Alcohol. 2021 Oct 29;56(6):660-668. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa138.

Abstract

Aims: This study sought to identify phenotypic variations among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) that may, in part, help improve the effectiveness of existing AUD interventions.

Methods: Latent class analysis was conducted to examine the potential heterogeneity of AUD in a sample (N = 220; Mage = 51.19 years, standard deviation = 9.94; 37.7% female) of treatment-seeking participants diagnosed with AUD using DSM-5 criteria.

Results and conclusions: Three distinct patterns of responses to the 11 DSM-5 AUD symptoms emerged: Class 1 (n = 114, 51.8%), Class 2 (n = 78, 35.5%) and Class 3 (n = 28, 12.7%). The identified profiles were further differentiated by demographics, alcohol-related constructs, individual difference characteristics and diagnostic and treatment variables. The findings have implications for refining AUD assessment as well as optimizing personalized treatment.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Alcoholism / classification*
  • Alcoholism / diagnosis*
  • Alcoholism / psychology
  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • Female
  • Help-Seeking Behavior*
  • Humans
  • Latent Class Analysis*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Phenotype
  • Symptom Assessment / methods
  • Treatment Outcome