Modification of ventriculo-arterial coupling by spironolactone in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Aims: We sought to clarify the role of ventriculo-arterial (V-A) coupling in the treatment of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) by adding a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) to conventional anti-failure therapy.

Methods and results: We employed cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to quantify left ventricular (LV) contractility and V-A coupling in normal subjects at rest (n = 11) and in patients with NIDCM (n = 12) before and after long term anti-failure therapy, in which MRA was added to conventional anti-failure therapy. After ≥6 months' treatment in NIDCM patients, LV volumes and mass decreased, and the LV ejection fraction increased from a median of 24% (17, 27) (interquartile range IQR) to 47 (42, 52) (P < 0.002), with a marked reduction in arterial elastance (Ea) from 2.89 mmHg/mL (2.34, 4.0) to 1.50 (1.29, 1.95) (P < 0.002), similar to Ea of normal subjects, 1.53 (1.34, 1.67) (P > 0.05). The V-A coupling ratio, Ea/end-systolic elastance (single-beat method), decreased by -1.08 (-1.96, -0.55), (P = 0.003), as did Ea/end-systolic pressure/end-systolic pressure ratio, -0.54 (0.35, 0.87), (P = 0.002). The preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW) increased as did PRSW indexed for Ea (both P = 0.002), which reflected 'total circulatory performance'.

Conclusions: In NIDCM, adding MRA to conventional anti-failure therapy markedly improved LV ejection fraction and reduced peripheral vascular resistance, due to both improved LV contractility and especially to enhanced V-A coupling, as Ea decreased to normal. Total circulatory performance was a sensitive indicator of both LV pump performance and the arterial loading conditions.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00574119.

Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; Nonischemic cardiomyopathy; Spironolactone; Ventricular/vascular coupling haemodynamics.