Chasing language through the brain: Successive parallel networks

Abstract

Objective: To describe the spatio-temporal dynamics and interactions during linguistic and memory tasks.

Methods: Event-related electrocorticographic (ECoG) spectral patterns obtained during cognitive tasks from 26 epilepsy patients (aged: 9-60 y) were analyzed in order to examine the spatio-temporal patterns of activation of cortical language areas. ECoGs (1024 Hz/channel) were recorded from 1567 subdural electrodes and 510 depth electrodes chronically implanted over or within the frontal, parietal, occipital and/or temporal lobes as part of their surgical work-up for intractable seizures. Six language/memory tasks were performed, which required responding verbally to auditory or visual word stimuli. Detailed analysis of electrode locations allowed combining results across patients.

Results: Transient increases in induced ECoG gamma power (70-100 Hz) were observed in response to hearing words (central superior temporal gyrus), reading text and naming pictures (occipital and fusiform cortex) and speaking (pre-central, post-central and sub-central cortex).

Conclusions: Between these activations there was widespread spatial divergence followed by convergence of gamma activity that reliably identified cortical areas associated with task-specific processes.

Significance: The combined dataset supports the concept of functionally-specific locally parallel language networks that are widely distributed, partially interacting in succession to serve the cognitive and behavioral demands of the tasks.

Keywords: Cortical language networks; Cortical mapping; ECoG power; Electrocorticography; Functional mapping; Gamma activity.