Objective: To analyze and compare the efficacy of robotic, laparoscopic and open dorsal mesh rectopexy in the treatment of severe rectal prolapse. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed. Patients who had a full-thickness rectum pulled out of the anus before surgery and the length was greater than 8 cm, and underwent transabdominal dorsal mesh rectopexy were enrolled in the study. Those who had urinary or sexual dysfunction before surgery, could not perform sexual function scores due to lack of a fixed sexual partner or sexual activity after surgery, underwent laparotomy again during the perioperative period, were transferred to laparotomy during robotic or laparoscopic surgery, or had no complete information, were excluded. A total of 61 patients with severe rectal prolapse in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2014 to 2018 were enrolled and divided into robotic group (20 cases), laparoscopic group (20 cases) and open group (21 cases) according to the operative procedure based on patients' will. Perioperative parameters were compared among the 3 groups. The International Prostatic Symptoms Score Scale (IPSS, higher score indicates more severe urinary dysfunction), the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF-15, lower score indicates more severe male sexual dysfunction) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-19, lower score indicates more severe female sexual dysfunction) were used to evaluate and compare the urinary and sexual function before and after operation. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline data among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). In the robotic, laparoscopic and open groups respectively, the operative time was (176.3±13.8) minutes, (160.2±12.1) minutes and (134.2±12.1) minutes; intraoperative blood loss was (58.5±18.9) ml, (67.9±15.7) ml and (114.2±8.4) ml; the first time to ambulation was (19.9±6.8) hours, (24.0±8.9) hours and (37.7±11.4) hours; the first time to gas passage was (31.8±6.8) hours, (35.7±8.9) hours and (49.2±11.2) hours; the hospitalization time was (11.0±1.4) days, (11.4±1.4) days and (13.3±2.1) days; whose differences among 3 groups were all significant (all P<0.001). While no significant differences in morbidity of complication and recurrence among 3 groups were observed (all P>0.05). In the robotic, laparoscopic and open groups respectively, the preoperative IPSS score was (4.2±1.7), (4.4±1.3), and (4.7±1.8); the IPSS score at postoperative 3-month was (8.5±2.5), (9.9±1.7), and (12.2±3.1); IPSS score at postoperative 12-month was (4.3±1.6), (5.8±1.3), and (6.3±1.5), respectively. Compared to preoperative score, postoperative IPSS score increased obviously, then decreased gradually (P<0.001). Preoperative male IIEE score was (22.8±1.8), (22.1±2.1), and (22.6±1.5). In the robotic, laparoscopic and open groups respectively, male IIEE score at postoperative 6-month was (19.6±2.1), (17.1±2.1), and (15.0±2.1); male IIEE score at postoperative 12-month was (22.4±1.6), (19.9±1.5), (17.9±1.8), respectively. Preoperative female FSFI score was (26.4±3.4), (26.6±3.2), and (26.6±3.0); female FSFI score at postoperative 6-month was (21.5±3.3), (18.9±2.9), (17.0±2.6); female FSFI score at postoperative 12-month was (26.1±2.7), (22.7±3.2), and (21.2±2.3), respectively. Postoperative male IIEE score and female FSFI score decreased significantly and then increased gradually with time, whose differences were all significant (all P<0.05). Postoperative IPSS, IIEE, and FSFI scores in the robotic group were superior to those in the laparoscopic and open groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Robotic surgery is safe and effective in the treatment of severe rectal prolapse, and is more advantageous in preserving urinary function and sexual function.
目的： 分析对比机器人、腹腔镜及开腹经直肠后补片悬吊固定术在重度直肠脱垂治疗中疗效的差别。 方法： 采用回顾性队列研究方法。纳入术前直肠全层拖出肛门且长度>8 cm、并行经腹直肠后补片悬吊固定术者。排除术前有排尿或性功能障碍者、无固定性伴侣或术后无性活动而无法进行性功能评分者、围手术期内再次行开腹手术者、行机器人或腹腔镜手术时中转开腹者以及资料不完整者。2014—2018年期间在郑州大学第一附属医院治疗的重度直肠脱垂患者61例被纳入本研究。根据患者意愿选择手术方式，其中21例采用传统开腹手术（开腹组），20例采用腹腔镜手术（腹腔镜组），20例采用机器人手术（机器人组）。比较3组间的围手术期相关指标，并采用国际前列腺症状评分表（IPSS；评分越高，说明排尿功能障碍越严重）、改良国际勃起功能问卷（IIEF-15；分值越低，说明男性性功能障碍越严重）以及女性性功能指数（FSFI-19；分值越低，说明女性性功能障碍越严重），对患者手术前后的排尿功能和性功能进行评分和比较。 结果： 3组患者基线资料的比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05），具有可比性。机器人组、腹腔镜组和开腹组手术时间分别为（176.3±13.8）min、（160.2±12.1）min及（134.2±12.1）min；术中出血量分别为（58.5±18.9）ml、（67.9±15.7）ml及（114.2±8.4）ml；首次下床时间分别为（19.9±6.8）h、（24.0±8.9）h及（37.7±11.4）h；首次排气时间分别为（31.8±6.8）h、（35.7±8.9）h及（49.2±11.2）h；住院时间分别为（11.0±1.4）d、（11.4±1.4）d及（13.3±2.1）d；3组间比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。3组间并发症的发生以及术后复发情况的差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。机器人组、腹腔镜组及开腹组患者术前IPSS评分分别为（4.2±1.7）分、（4.4±1.3）分和（4.7±1.8）分；术后3个月分别为（8.5±2.5）分、（9.9±1.7）分和（12.2±3.1）分；术后12个月分别为（4.3±1.6）分、（5.8±1.3）分和（6.3±1.5）分，相比术前，患者术后IPSS评分明显升高，随着时间的推移而逐渐降低恢复（P<0.001）。机器人组、腹腔镜组及开腹组中，男性患者术前IIEF评分分别为（22.8±1.8）分、（22.1±2.1）分及（22.6±1.5）分；术后6个月分别为（19.6±2.1）分、（17.1±2.1）分及（15.0±2.1）分；术后12个月分别为（22.4±1.6）分、（19.9±1.5）分及（17.9±1.8）分；女性患者术前FSFI评分分别为（26.4±3.4）分、（26.6±3.2）分及（26.6±3.0）分；术后6个月分别为（21.5±3.3）分、（18.9±2.9）分及（17.0±2.6）分；术后12个月分别为（26.1±2.7）分、（22.7±3.2）分及（21.2±2.3）分；术后男性患者的IIEF评分以及女性患者的FSFI指数均明显降低，且随着时间的延长而逐渐升高恢复，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。机器人组术后IPSS评分、IIEF评分及FSFI评分均优于腹腔镜组及开腹组，差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。 结论： 机器人手术在重度直肠脱垂的治疗中是安全有效的，且相比开腹和腹腔镜手术，在保护患者近期的排尿功能及性功能方面更具优势。.
Keywords: Laparoscopy surgery; Pelvic autonomic neuro protective; Robot surgery; Severe rectal prolapse; Urination and sexual function.