Four undescribed polyketide derivatives, named arthproliferins A-D (1-4), and one undescribed phenylspirodrimane derivative, named arthproliferin E (7), along with 11 known metabolites (5, 6, 8-16) were isolated from the soft coral-associated fungus Stachybotrys chartarum SCSIO41201. Their structures were determined through spectroscopic methods, X-ray crystallography, and ECD analysis. Compounds 1 and 3-15 were evaluated for their cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities. Among them, compounds 1 and 15 displayed moderate inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 with an MIC value of 78 and 39 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, compound 15 displayed strong cytotoxic activities against the tested cell line with IC50 values less than 39 nM.