Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) can affect sleep and can predispose patients to chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, sleep deprivation and diabetes mellitus can worsen tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to assess sleep quality, to estimate the prevalence of poor sleepers and those at risk for restless legs syndrome (RLS) and to evaluate the knowledge and practices regarding sleep hygiene among patients diagnosed with TB.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to patients diagnosed with TB in Bengaluru, India. The questionnaire was comprised of sections including demography, knowledge and practice regarding sleep hygiene, the international restless leg study group consensus diagnostic criteria to diagnose RLS, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, the Epworth sleepiness scale, and history of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
Results: Of 206 participants enrolled, 125 men (61%), mean (SD) age was 41.0 (16.2) years, and 121 (59%) had pulmonary TB while the remaining 85 (41%) had extrapulmonary TB. The prevalence (95% confidence intervals) of poor quality sleepers was 17% (12, 23%), those with poor knowledge of sleep hygiene (< 6 marks) 33% (27, 40%), those at risk for RLS 32% (26, 39%), and those with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) 12% (8, 17%).
Conclusion: Prevalence of poor quality sleepers and those at risk for RLS are higher than normal population, thus making sleep quality assessment important in patients diagnosed with TB. Prevalence of those at risk for EDS was comparable to normal population.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Insomnia; Restless legs syndrome; Sleep deprivation; Tuberculosis.
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