Hypointensity of draining veins on susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance images might indicate normal venous flow and a lower risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with intracranial arteriovenous shunt(s)

Abstract

Patients with intracranial arteriovenous shunt(s) have a risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated the signal intensity of draining veins on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and the status of venous drainage shown by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). We then evaluated whether the signal intensity of draining veins on SWI is related to normal venous flow (NVF) and/or ICH. We analyzed SWI and DSA in 10 consecutive patients with intracranial arteriovenous shunt(s). Opacification of draining veins in the normal venous phase by DSA was judged as NVF. We evaluated the relationship between the intensity of draining veins on SWI and the presence of NVF before and after treatment. The relationship between the intensity of draining veins on SWI and the presence of ICH surrounding the draining veins was also evaluated. Of 10 patients with untreated arteriovenous shunt(s), two had arteriovenous malformation and eight had a dural arteriovenous fistula with cortical venous reflux. We analyzed 26 draining veins before treatment. In preoperative analysis, draining veins with hypointensity were significantly more likely to show NVF than were draining veins with isointensity or hyperintensity (45.5% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.007). While 69.2% of the areas surrounding draining veins with isointensity or hyperintensity showed ICH, no veins with hypointensity showed ICH (P = 0.011, odds ratio 0.036; 95% confidence interval 0.0017-0.80). In conclusion, draining veins with hypointensity on SWI may contain NVF, despite arteriovenous shunting. The areas surrounding these veins might have a lower risk of ICH because of less venous hypertension.

Keywords: Arteriovenous malformation; Draining vein; Dural arteriovenous fistula; Intracranial hemorrhage; Susceptibility-weighted imaging.