Objectives: To understand the prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) among freshmen from a university in Hunan Province in 2018.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1 685 freshmen from a university in Hunan Province in 2018. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, creatinine, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and other laboratory indicators were measured. The risk factors of hematuria, proteinuria, and CKD were analyzed by logistic regression.
Results: Among the 1 685 students, the detection rates of proteinuria, hematuria, and renal dysfunction were 2.14%, 6.65%, and 0.95%, respectively. The prevalence of CKD was 10.86%, mainly at stage 1 and 2. The awareness rate in the patients was 6.56%. The detection rate of proteinuria was not significantly correlated with gender, and the detection rate of hematuria and renal dysfunction was higher in women than in men, and the prevalence of CKD was higher in women than in men. Independent risk factors associated with CKD were hypertension and diabetes.
Conclusions: In 2018, the prevalence of CKD among freshmen in this university is roughly the same as the national level. CKD patients and people with hypertension and diabetes should be checked regularly, and early intervention should be performed to delay the occurrence and development of the disease.
目的: 了解2018年湖南省某高校新生中慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease，CKD)患病情况及其危险因素。方法: 采用横断面调查方法对2018年湖南省某高校的1 685名新生进行问卷调查，测量身高、体重、体重指数、血压，检测肌酐、尿酸、空腹血糖、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、血尿素氮等实验室指标，采用logistic回归分析CKD、蛋白尿、血尿的危险因素。结果: 在1 685名新生中，蛋白尿、血尿和肾功能下降的检出率分别为2.14%，6.65%和0.95%，CKD的患病率为10.86%，主要为CKD1和2期，患者对自身患病情况知晓率为6.56%。蛋白尿检出率与性别相关性不明显，血尿和肾功能下降检出率女性高于男性，CKD患病率女性高于男性。CKD的独立危险因素有高血压和糖尿病。结论: 2018年该高校新生的CKD患病率与全国CKD患病率大体相当，CKD患者及有高血压和糖尿病的人群应定期检查，早期干预，以延缓疾病的发生、发展。.
Keywords: chronic kidney disease; college students; epidemiology; prevalence rate; risk factors.