Toxic epidermal necrolysis occurring with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Dermatol Online J. 2020 Aug 15;26(8):13030/qt8fc428f6.

Abstract

Nivolumab and ipilimumab are immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) used in the management of advanced malignancies including malignant melanoma. Although several cutaneous adverse events have been reported with these immunotherapy agents, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) secondary to ICIs is rare. We report a 67-year-old man with TEN occurring during nivolumab and ipilimumab co-therapy and review published cases to highlight the challenges in recognizing and managing these patients. ICI-induced TEN can present atypically with delayed onset in comorbid, immunosuppressed patients with an associated high mortality rate. Prompt recognition and drug withdrawal are essential to improve outcomes. High dose systemic corticosteroid has also been recommended for the management of ICI-induced TEN, unlike other drug-induced TEN for which optimal immunomodulatory treatment is still debated.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / adverse effects*
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Ipilimumab / adverse effects*
  • Male
  • Melanoma / drug therapy
  • Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
  • Middle Aged
  • Nivolumab / adverse effects*
  • Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / etiology*
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / pathology

Substances

  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
  • Ipilimumab
  • Nivolumab