COVID-19-Related Ethics Consultations at a Cancer Center in New York City: A Content Review of Ethics Consultations During the Early Stages of the Pandemic

JCO Oncol Pract. 2021 Mar;17(3):e369-e376. doi: 10.1200/OP.20.00440. Epub 2020 Aug 27.

Abstract

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised a variety of ethical dilemmas for health care providers. Limited data are available on how a patient's concomitant cancer diagnosis affected ethical concerns raised during the early stages of the pandemic.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all COVID-related ethics consultations registered in a prospectively collected ethics database at a tertiary cancer center between March 14, 2020, and April 28, 2020. Primary and secondary ethical issues, as well as important contextual factors, were identified.

Results: Twenty-six clinical ethics consultations were performed on 24 patients with cancer (58.3% male; median age, 65.5 years). The most common primary ethical issues were code status (n = 11), obligation to provide nonbeneficial treatment (n = 3), patient autonomy (n = 3), resource allocation (n = 3), and delivery of care wherein the risk to staff might outweigh the potential benefit to the patient (n = 3). An additional nine consultations raised concerns about staff safety in the context of likely nonbeneficial treatment as a secondary issue. Unique contextual issues identified included concerns about public safety for patients requesting discharge against medical advice (n = 3) and difficulties around decision making, especially with regard to code status because of an inability to reach surrogates (n = 3).

Conclusion: During the early pandemic, the care of patients with cancer and COVID-19 spurred a number of ethics consultations, which were largely focused on code status. Most cases also raised concerns about staff safety in the context of limited benefit to patients, a highly unusual scenario at our institution that may have been triggered by critical supply shortages.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • COVID-19*
  • Cancer Care Facilities*
  • Carcinoma, Renal Cell
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / ethics
  • Child
  • Decision Making
  • Ethics Committees, Clinical
  • Ethics Consultation / trends*
  • Female
  • Health Care Rationing / ethics
  • Hematologic Neoplasms
  • Humans
  • Intensive Care Units
  • Intubation, Intratracheal / ethics
  • Kidney Neoplasms
  • Lung Neoplasms
  • Male
  • Medical Futility
  • Mental Competency
  • Middle Aged
  • Multiple Myeloma
  • Neoplasms*
  • New York City
  • Occupational Health / ethics
  • Patients' Rooms
  • Personal Autonomy
  • Proxy
  • Resuscitation Orders / ethics*
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Sarcoma
  • Young Adult