Rotaviruses infection is one of the main causes of diarrhea among infants and children in the world, resulting in rotavirus gastroenteritis, which is very harmful and has caused a huge disease burden and no specific drug treatment. This paper reviews the rotavirus etiology, epidemiological characteristics, disease burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis and rotavirus vaccines. RV in group A is the main cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants, people at all ages are generally susceptible to RV, 3 to 24 months infants have the most severe symptoms of diarrhea, RVGE epidemic is seasonal and peaks in winter, increasing RV vaccination can reduce the incidence and mortality of rotavirus diarrhea in infants to reduce the burden of corresponding disease. This article focuses on RV vaccines currently in use and their effect on preventing RV infection, and put forward thoughts and suggestions on technical issues related to the application of RV vaccine in China. Provide support for improving the RV vaccine immunization strategy and Chinese-specific immunization strategy for eventually incorporating RV vaccine into the national child immunization program.
轮状病毒（RV）感染是目前全球婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原之一，直接导致轮状病毒胃肠炎，其危害严重、疾病负担巨大且尚无特效药物治疗。本文对RV病原学特性以及RV胃肠炎的流行特征、疾病负担和疫苗研发予以综述。通常A组RV为婴幼儿急性胃肠炎的最主要病因，各年龄段人群对RV普遍易感，其中3~24月龄的幼儿症状最重，且RVGE流行具有季节性，并在冬季会出现发病高峰，提高RV疫苗接种率可以显著降低婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻发病率和死亡率，减轻相应疾病负担。重点介绍了目前使用的RV疫苗及其对预防RV感染的作用，并针对RV疫苗在我国应用相关技术问题提出思考与建议，为完善我国RV疫苗免疫策略及最终将RV疫苗纳入到国家儿童免疫规划的中国特色免疫规划策略提供循证依据。.
Keywords: Cost of illness; Gastroenteritis; Rotavirus infections; Viral vaccines.