Background: There are limited data comparing outcomes of patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) presenting with stable angina who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to either a saphenous vein grafts (SVG) or a chronic total occlusion (CTO) in the native coronary arteries. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes of these two groups in a national cohort.
Methods and results: We formed a longitudinal cohort (2007-2014; n = 11,132) of patients who underwent SVG-PCI (group 1; n = 8619) or CTO-PCI in native arteries (group 2; n = 2513) in the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) database. Median age was 68 years in both groups, but patients in group 2 were less likely to be female, had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and previous myocardial infarction, as well as worsened angina and breathlessness, but history of prior stroke, renal diseases, and the presence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction were similar to group 1. Following multivariable analysis, no significant difference in mortality was observed during index hospital admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-4.58; P=.29), at 30 days (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.99-3.3; P=.05), and 1 year (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.85-1.44; P=.43), nor was a significant difference found in in-hospital MACE rates (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.85-2.19; P=.19). However, CTO-PCI was associated with more procedural complications (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 2.38-3.47; P<.01) and vessel perforation (OR, 4.82; 95% CI, 2.80-8.28; P<.01) as compared with the SVG-PCI group. Risk of target-vessel revascularization at 1 year was similar (SVG-PCI 5.6% vs CTO-PCI 6.9%; P=.08).
Conclusion: In this national cohort, CTO-PCI was performed in higher-risk patients, and was associated with more procedural complications but similar short-term or long-term mortality and in-hospital MACE.
Keywords: chronic total occlusion; coronary artery bypass grafting; percutaneous coronary intervention; saphenous vein grafts.