Background: Patients with kidney failure have multifaced clinical needs. Continuous quality improvement (CQI) programs initiated by large healthcare provider networks bear the promise of improving guideline adherence and improving patient-centered outcome, including health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We aimed at evaluating the association between key performance indicators (KPI) adopted for our CQI and HRQOL in a large network of dialysis providers.
Methods: We conducted a survey study in 39 centers belonging to the Portuguese Fresenius Medical Care (FME) network, in September 2017. For each participant, we retrospectively extracted clinical information during the 6-month period preceding survey administration. We used this information to calculate KPI as defined by the FME-CQI policy. Those KPI were selected in the FME-CQI policy as modifiable intermediate endpoints for which previous evidence suggested a causal relationship with patients' morbidity and mortality. HRQOL was assessed by the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 36 (KDQOL-36) questionnaire.
Results: Among 4691 eligible patients who were invited to participate in the survey, 2263 (48.2%) answered the self-administered survey. Based on KPI standards, patients had 1.5 (± 1.2) off-target clinical parameters on average. KDQOL-36 score were generally higher than those observed in European reference population. We found a significant linear association between KPI parameters and HRQOL. This pattern was robust to adjustment for satisfaction scores.
Conclusions: Our data demonstrated a graded, monotonic, dose-response relationship between the number of off-target KPIs and HRQOL. Such relationship was not mediated by patients' satisfaction and may be attributed to amelioration of disease-specific symptoms and functional capacity.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Continuous quality improvement; End stage renal disease; Health-related quality of life.