Radiation Proctitis

Excerpt

Radiation proctitis refers to injury or damage to the rectum secondary to radiation therapy. It is postulated that almost half of all patients with pelvic malignancies undergo treatment that involves radiation.

The clinical manifestation of radiation proctitis varies and is broadly categorized into acute and chronic phases. Acute radiation proctitis typically occurs during or immediately after the radiation treatment period, manifesting with symptoms such as diarrhea, rectal urgency, and mild rectal bleeding. On the other hand, chronic radiation proctitis develops more than 3 months after the completion of radiation therapy, and its symptoms can be more persistent and severe. Chronic proctitis may lead to complications like rectal strictures, ulcerations, and even fistulas, significantly impacting the patient's quality of life.

The increasing incidence of radiation proctitis is closely tied to advancements in cancer treatment, leading to improved overall survival rates. As patients with pelvic malignancies live longer, healthcare professionals are likely to encounter a growing number of individuals experiencing the long-term effects of radiation proctitis. Management strategies involve a multidisciplinary approach, combining the expertise of radiation oncologists, gastroenterologists, advanced care practitioners, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals. Treatment may include medications to alleviate symptoms, dietary modifications, and, in severe cases, endoscopic or surgical interventions. Ongoing research continues to explore novel therapies and preventative measures, aiming to enhance the quality of care and patient outcomes for those affected by radiation proctitis.