Objectives: to identify factors that interfere with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in quilombola communities.
Methods: qualitative research based on the Transcultural Theory proposed by Madeleine Leininger, performed with quilombola mothers. For data collection, we used the semi-structured interview, conducted from June 2018 to January 2019. Content analysis was guided by the interactive model of Miles and Huberman.
Results: it was revealed that intergenerational cultural myths and customs interfere with breastfeeding practice, and identified the influence of professional nurses on best breastfeeding practices.
Final considerations: cultural and intergenerational factors favor early weaning and expose the child to illness.