Aarskog-Scott syndrome: clinical and molecular characterisation of a family with the coexistence of a novel FGD1 mutation and 16p13.11-p12.3 microduplication

BMJ Case Rep. 2020 Jun 30;13(6):e235183. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235183.

Abstract

Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS), also known as facio-genital dysplasia or faciodigitogenital syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder clinically characterised by facial, limb and genitalanomalies. Although also autosomal dominance and recessive patterns have been reported, up to now, only an X linked form associated to mutations of the FGD1 gene has been recognised as causative for this syndrome.In this case report, we describe a large Italian family in which three members across three generations show classical features of the syndrome. The youngest patient, the proband, and his mother were both molecularly studied and characterised for the not previously reported variant c.1828C>T (p. Arg610*) in the FGD1 gene but with the classic phenotype of AAS. Additionally, both the proband and his mother present a 2.5 Mb 16p13.11-p12.3 microduplication, a genetic variant still unclear for the phenotypic consequences: the co-occurrence of the two rare conditions is discussed for the possible clinical significance.

Keywords: congenital disorders; developmental paediatrocs; ear, nose and throat/otolaryngology; genetics.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Abnormalities, Multiple / diagnosis
  • Abnormalities, Multiple / genetics
  • Abnormalities, Multiple / physiopathology
  • Adult
  • Biological Variation, Population
  • Child Development
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Dwarfism* / diagnosis
  • Dwarfism* / genetics
  • Dwarfism* / physiopathology
  • Dwarfism* / psychology
  • Face / abnormalities*
  • Face / physiopathology
  • Female
  • Genes, Duplicate
  • Genetic Diseases, X-Linked* / diagnosis
  • Genetic Diseases, X-Linked* / genetics
  • Genetic Diseases, X-Linked* / physiopathology
  • Genetic Diseases, X-Linked* / psychology
  • Genitalia, Male / abnormalities*
  • Genitalia, Male / physiopathology
  • Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / genetics*
  • Hand Deformities, Congenital / diagnosis*
  • Hand Deformities, Congenital / genetics
  • Hand Deformities, Congenital / physiopathology
  • Hand Deformities, Congenital / psychology
  • Heart Defects, Congenital* / diagnosis
  • Heart Defects, Congenital* / genetics
  • Heart Defects, Congenital* / physiopathology
  • Heart Defects, Congenital* / psychology
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Mutation
  • Patient Care Management / methods*
  • Pedigree
  • Psychosocial Support Systems

Substances

  • FGD1 protein, human
  • Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors

Supplementary concepts

  • Aarskog Syndrome