Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of inpatients with high-voltage electrical burns on the wrist in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital (hereinafter referred to as the author's unit), so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of high-voltage electrical burns on the wrist. Methods: The medical records of inpatients suffered from high-voltage electrical burns on the wrist in the author's unit from January 2008 to December 2019 were collected. The patients' gender, age, population category, injury situation, injury season, total burn area, electrical burn type on the wrist of the affected limbs, the time from injury to first flap/myocutaneous flap transplantation, vascular reconstruction and flap/myocutaneous flap transplantation of the affected limbs, the total amputation rate of the affected limbs and the amputation rate of the affected limbs with type Ⅲelectrical burns on the wrist, the number of operation, postoperative infection rate of flap/myocutaneous flap, length of hospital stay, hospitalization expense, and treatment outcome were retrospectively analyzed. Comparison of the aforementioned statistical items between patients admitted from January 2008 to December 2013 (hereinafter referred to as the pre-stage) and January 2014 to December 2019 (hereinafter referred to as the post-stage) except gender, the total amputation rate of the affected limbs, treatment outcome were performed. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test, Fisher's exact probability test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: During the 12 years, a total of 169 patients with high-voltage electrical burns on the wrist were admitted to the author's unit, including 162 males and 7 females, aged (35±13) years, and 75.15% (127/169) of patients were 21-50 years old. The top three groups in population category from high to low were workers, migrant workers, and primary and secondary school students, accounting for 48.52% (82/169), 28.99% (49/169), and 9.47% (16/169), respectively. At work of non-electric power accounted for 47.93% (81/169) and ranked the first in the proportion of injury situation. The injury occurred mostly in summer and autumn, accounting for 39.05% (66/169) and 28.99% (49/169), respectively. About 65.09% (110/169) of the patients were with total burn area less than 10% total body surface area. There were totally 216 affected limbs with high-voltage electrical burns on the wrist, of which the numbers of wrist with type Ⅲ and type Ⅳ injury were 25 (11.57%) and 21 (9.72%), respectively. The time from injury to first flap/myocutaneous flap transplantation was 6.00 (3.75, 8.00) d. There were 45 affected limbs operated with vascular reconstruction, 75 affected limbs transplanted with pedicled axial flap, and 86 affected limbs transplanted with free flap/myocutaneous flap. The total amputation rate of affected limbs was 12.96% (28/216), and the amputation rate of the affected limbs with type Ⅲ electrical burns on the wrist was 28% (7/25). The number of operation was 4 (3, 5) times, the postoperative infection rate of flap/myocutaneous flap was 7.18% (13/181), the hospitalization time was 39.00 (25.00, 50.00) d, and the hospitalization cost was 123 553.00 (50 656.50, 216 003.00) yuan. Compared with those of the pre-stage, the time from injury to first flap/myocutaneous flap transplantation was significantly shortened (Z=-4.038, P<0.01), the ratio of free flap/myocutaneous flap transplantation on affected limbs was significantly increased (χ(2)=13.478, P<0.01), the ratio of pedicled axial flap transplantation on affected limbs was significantly decreased (χ(2)=10.242, P<0.01), the number of operation was significantly reduced (Z=-5.903, P<0.01), the postoperative infection rate of flap/myocutaneous flap was significantly decreased (χ(2)=4.492, P<0.05), the length of hospital stay was significantly shortened (Z=-2.723, P<0.01), and the hospitalization expense was significantly decreased among patients hospitalized in the post-stage (Z=-2.121, P<0.05). The other items were close between patients hospitalized in the pre-stage and those in the post-stage. Conclusions: Men were more likely than women to suffer from high-voltage electrical burns on the wrist in the author's unit. Young workers and migrant workers may be the key groups for the prevention of high-voltage electrical burns on the wrist. It is very important to strengthen the management of high voltage safety education for non-electric power staff, warn and protect the surrounding area of high voltage environment, and prohibit non staff for entering the high voltage environment, especially in summer and autumn. In the last 6 years, the patients with high-voltage electrical burns on the wrist may benefit from the active vascular reconstruction at early stage and free flap/myocutaneous flap repair in the author's unit.
目的： 分析北京积水潭医院(下称笔者单位)收治的腕部高压电烧伤住院患者的流行病学特点，为腕部高压电烧伤的防治提供参考依据。 方法： 收集笔者单位2008年1月—2019年12月收治的腕部高压电烧伤住院患者的病历资料。回顾性统计患者性别、年龄、人群类别、受伤情境、受伤季节、烧伤总面积、患肢腕部电烧伤分型、伤后至首次皮瓣/肌皮瓣移植时间，患肢血管重建及皮瓣/肌皮瓣移植情况，患肢总截肢率、Ⅲ型腕部高压电烧伤截肢率，患者手术次数、皮瓣/肌皮瓣术后感染率、住院时间、住院费用、治疗结局；另对比2008年1月—2013年12月(下称前期)、2014年1月—2019年12月(下称后期)收治患者前述除性别、患肢总截肢率、治疗结局以外统计项目。对数据行χ(2)检验、Fisher确切概率法检验及Wilcoxon秩和检验。 结果： 笔者单位12年间共收治腕部高压电烧伤住院患者169例，其中男162例、女7例；年龄(35±13)岁，75.15%(127/169)的患者年龄段21～50岁。人群类别构成比中排前3位的从高到低分别是工人、农民工和中小学生，分别占48.52%(82/169)、28.99%(49/169)、9.47%(16/169)。受伤情境构成比中排首位的是非电力专业工作中，占47.93%(81/169)。受伤季节多为夏季和秋季，分别占39.05%(66/169)、28.99%(49/169)。患者中65.09%(110/169)烧伤总面积<10%体表总面积。共有216个腕部高压电烧伤患肢，其中Ⅲ型25个(11.57%)、Ⅳ型21个(9.72%)。伤后至首次皮瓣/肌皮瓣移植时间为6.00(3.75，8.00)d。45个患肢行血管重建，75个患肢行带蒂轴型皮瓣移植、86个患肢行游离皮瓣/肌皮瓣移植。患肢总截肢率为12.96%(28/216)，Ⅲ型腕部高压电烧伤截肢率为28%(7/25)。手术次数为4(3，5)次，皮瓣/肌皮瓣术后感染率为7.18%(13/181)，住院时间为39.00(25.00，50.00)d，住院费用为123 553.00(50 656.50，216 003.00)元。与前期比较，后期收治患者伤后至首次皮瓣/肌皮瓣移植时间明显缩短(Z＝－4.038，P<0.01)，患肢行游离皮瓣/肌皮瓣移植比率明显升高(χ(2)＝13.478，P<0.01)，患肢行带蒂轴型皮瓣移植比率明显降低(χ(2)＝10.242，P<0.01)，手术次数明显减少(Z＝－5.903，P<0.01)，皮瓣/肌皮瓣术后感染率明显降低(χ(2)＝4.492，P<0.05)，住院时间明显缩短(Z＝－2.723，P<0.01)，住院费用明显下降(Z＝－2.121，P<0.05)；前、后期收治患者其余指标相近。 结论： 笔者单位收治腕部高压电烧伤患者男性多于女性，青壮年工人、农民工可能是预防腕部高压电烧伤的重点人群，加强对非电力专业工作人员的高压电安全教育管理及对高压电环境周边的警示及保护、严禁非工作人员进入高压电环境尤为重要，特别是夏秋季节。近6年间，笔者单位早期积极行血管重建、游离皮瓣/肌皮瓣移植修复创面，可能使腕部高压电烧伤患者有所获益。.
Keywords: Burns, electric; Epidemiologic studies; Inpatients; Wrist.