Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Is an Effective Diagnostic Tool in Paediatric Patients with Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma as Secondary Neoplasm

Acta Cytol. 2020;64(6):520-531. doi: 10.1159/000508395. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Abstract

Background: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumour in paediatric population, accounting for 16% of all cases. Patients affected by a previous solid or leukaemic neoplasm during their childhood may develop a second different tumour during the follow-up. In this setting, salivary gland MEC is relatively frequent, accounting for 6% of the second neoplasms in paediatric patients. Consequently, the occurrence of salivary gland nodules in paediatric patients with a previous neoplasm should be considered an event with a high risk of malignancy that poses peculiar diagnostic challenges.

Summary: This study was designed to define clinical and instrumental findings and morphological features of MEC on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples in paediatric patients with and without a previous neoplasm. Five patients under 19 years are included in this series. FNAC was performed in all patients on a parotid nodule. We have identified 2 groups of patients: (a) 2 cases with previous history of malignancy (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and Hodgkin lymphoma) and (b) 3 cases without previous malignant neoplasms. In all cases, a final diagnosis of MEC was rendered. Key Messages: MEC may occur as a second malignancy in paediatric patients. FNAC is certainly a valid and accurate diagnostic tool for this type of neoplasm, even in the paediatric age, allowing the correct management of the patients.

Keywords: Fine-needle aspiration; Mucoepidermoid carcinoma; Paediatric age; Paediatric oncology; Salivary gland tumours.

MeSH terms

  • Adenoma, Pleomorphic / pathology
  • Adolescent
  • Biopsy, Fine-Needle* / methods
  • Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid / pathology*
  • Child
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Neoplasms, Second Primary / pathology*
  • Parotid Neoplasms / pathology
  • Salivary Gland Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Salivary Glands / pathology