Dengue Fever, COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), and Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE): A Perspective

Cytometry A. 2020 Jul;97(7):662-667. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.24047. Epub 2020 Jun 7.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and recurrent dengue epidemics in tropical countries have turned into a global health threat. While both virus-caused infections may only reveal light symptoms, they can also cause severe diseases. Here, we review the possible antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) occurrence, known for dengue infections, when there is a second infection with a different virus strain. Consequently, preexisting antibodies do not neutralize infection, but enhance it, possibly by triggering Fcγ receptor-mediated virus uptake. No clinical data exist indicating such mechanism for SARS-CoV-2, but previous coronavirus infections or infection of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent with different SARS-CoV-2 strains could promote ADE, as experimentally shown for antibodies against the MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV spike S protein. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

Keywords: 2019-nCoV; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; antibody-dependent enhancement; coronavirus.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antibody-Dependent Enhancement / immunology*
  • Betacoronavirus / immunology*
  • COVID-19
  • Coinfection / immunology*
  • Coronavirus Infections / immunology
  • Coronavirus Infections / pathology
  • Dengue / immunology
  • Dengue / pathology
  • Dengue Virus / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Image Cytometry / methods
  • Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / immunology
  • Pandemics
  • Pneumonia, Viral / immunology
  • Pneumonia, Viral / pathology
  • Receptors, IgG / immunology*
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / immunology
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / immunology*
  • Virus Internalization

Substances

  • Receptors, IgG
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus