COVID-19-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

J Neurol. 2020 Oct;267(10):2799-2802. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09951-9. Epub 2020 May 30.

Abstract

A 51-year-old woman with COVID-19 infection developed coma and an impaired oculocephalic response to one side. MRI of the brain demonstrated acute multifocal demyelinating lesions, and CSF testing did not identify a direct cerebral infection. High-dose steroids followed by a course of IVIG was administered, and the patient regained consciousness over the course of several weeks. As more patients reach the weeks after initial infection with COVID-19, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis should be considered a potentially treatable cause of profound encephalopathy or multifocal neurological deficits.

Keywords: ADEM; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Demyelinating disease; Post-infectious.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Letter

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use
  • Betacoronavirus
  • COVID-19
  • Coronavirus Infections / complications*
  • Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / drug therapy
  • Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / pathology
  • Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / virology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / therapeutic use
  • Methylprednisolone / therapeutic use
  • Middle Aged
  • Pandemics
  • Pneumonia, Viral / complications*
  • SARS-CoV-2

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
  • Methylprednisolone